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Mod:Hunt Research Group/report writing

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Report Instructions

written work is NOT a conversation

  • many students are far too too colloquial
  • use a more developed and higher level of language, replace simple generic terms with specific terms
  • avoid using the following terms: done, even though, although, a lot, meaning, owing, that is, ...
  • for example, replace done with "carried out", "executed", "investigated", "implemented", "performed"
  • carry out a search on your document for the above words, and ensure you eliminate these from your document unless absolutely essential

science is SPECIFIC

  • avoid using the following terms: this, their, these, them, it
  • all students are expected to have used the "find" feature for the above and to have eliminated these words (there are a few cases where use is appropriate)
  • never use general extensions such as "and so on", "etc", "so on and so forth"
  • it is OK to repeat a term if it allows you to be specific

avoid the use of RUBBISH words

  • rubbish words add no knew knowledge or content
"the fact that"
"an interesting point"
"it is worth noting"
"due to the fact"
"it is important to consider"
  • words that are colloquial and typical of oral but not written statements
"on the other hand"
"some would say"
"in other words"
"in reality"
"this is indeed"
"when looking at"
  • avoid words that mention earlier statements, the reader is intelligent, they know what you have written previously
"as discussed above"
"as noted earlier"
"as mentioned earlier"
  • avoid explicitly mentioning data shown in figures and graphs
we are intelligent we can see your graph, do NOT describe graphs or figures in the text
rather make a statement and then just add "..., Figure X" at the end of the sentence
do not use "as shown in Figure X", "it can be seen in Figure X"

use proper sentence construction

  • SVO=subject-verb-object
  • example "The graph shows that X is larger than Y." subject=the graph, verb=shows, object=x and y
  • the subject can be a noun, pronoun, adjectives or descriptive phrases that go with these
  • a pronoun refers to people, I, you, he, she, we, they
  • an adjective qualifies, defines, modifies a noun, for example: big, unique, old
  • adverbs (consequently, clearly) apply to a whole sentence or clause and can be used to start a sentence
  • conjunctions or connectors link two elements (clauses) in a sentence, there are two types
  • ones that cannot come at the start of a sentence (for, and, nor, but, or , yet, that)
  • ones that can come at the start of a sentence, but please avoid doing so (if, unless, also, provided, as, because, since, therefor, although, though, after, before, while)
  • the above preface a subordinating clause, ie a clause that clarifies, expands or explains the meaning of the main clause
  • do NOT start sentences with: as, although, while, because
  • you can start sentences with: nevertheless, therefor, however
  • of course, this is English, the rules can-be and are broken at times, but not by you!

all statements must be TRUE

  • read your sentences carefully, in isolation, is it true?
  • for example a common mistake is "ILs exhibit unique properties" this is NOT true there is no single property that is unique to ILs, but "ILs exhibit a unique combination of properties" is true.

do not anthropomorphise

  • that is do make human an inhuman entity, avoid "their" "themselves"

your LOGIC must be good

  • make sure that when you say "A therefore B" in a sentence that A and B are EXPLICITLY connected
  • sentence construction NOT "due to B, A" but YES to "A due to B"

SET-UP the problem

  • students have a tendency to start in the middle of an explanation and not set up the problem
  • start from the beginning explain the problem or concept from scratch
  • it might be helpful to imagine you are explaining the concept to an UG, who knows nothing about the problem

ONE sentence ONE idea

  • students can have a tendency to produce long rambling sentences
  • scientific writing is short and to the point
  • don't be overly wordy, don't try to "sound good" state it as it is.

use PARAGRAPHS appropriately

  • organise your sentences that are about the same point together

referring to Figures

  • do not write "comment ... as shown in Figure X", rather format this as "comment, Figure X"

notation and ACRONYMS

  • clearly define all notation at the first use e.g. define what N1124 means
  • avoid the use acronyms if at all possible, only use very COMMON acronyms