Mod:Hunt Research Group/report writing
Appearance
Report Instructions
written work is NOT a conversation
- many students are far too too colloquial
- use a more developed and higher level of language, replace simple generic terms with specific terms
- avoid using the following terms: done, even though, although, a lot, meaning, owing, that is, ...
- for example, replace done with "carried out", "executed", "investigated", "implemented", "performed"
- carry out a search on your document for the above words, and ensure you eliminate these from your document unless absolutely essential
science is SPECIFIC
- avoid using the following terms: this, their, these, them, it
- all students are expected to have used the "find" feature for the above and to have eliminated these words (there are a few cases where use is appropriate)
- never use general extensions such as "and so on", "etc", "so on and so forth"
- it is OK to repeat a term if it allows you to be specific
avoid the use of RUBBISH words
- rubbish words add no knew knowledge or content
- "the fact that"
- "an interesting point"
- "it is worth noting"
- "due to the fact"
- "it is important to consider"
- words that are colloquial and typical of oral but not written statements
- "on the other hand"
- "some would say"
- "in other words"
- "in reality"
- "this is indeed"
- "when looking at"
- avoid words that mention earlier statements, the reader is intelligent, they know what you have written previously
- "as discussed above"
- "as noted earlier"
- "as mentioned earlier"
- avoid explicitly mentioning data shown in figures and graphs
- we are intelligent we can see your graph, do NOT describe graphs or figures in the text
- rather make a statement and then just add "..., Figure X" at the end of the sentence
- do not use "as shown in Figure X", "it can be seen in Figure X"
use proper sentence construction
- SVO=subject-verb-object
- example "The graph shows that X is larger than Y." subject=the graph, verb=shows, object=x and y
- the subject can be a noun, pronoun, adjectives or descriptive phrases that go with these
- a pronoun refers to people, I, you, he, she, we, they
- an adjective qualifies, defines, modifies a noun, for example: big, unique, old
- adverbs (consequently, clearly) apply to a whole sentence or clause and can be used to start a sentence
- conjunctions or connectors link two elements (clauses) in a sentence, there are two types
- ones that cannot come at the start of a sentence (for, and, nor, but, or , yet, that)
- ones that can come at the start of a sentence, but please avoid doing so (if, unless, also, provided, as, because, since, therefor, although, though, after, before, while)
- the above preface a subordinating clause, ie a clause that clarifies, expands or explains the meaning of the main clause
- do NOT start sentences with: as, although, while, because
- you can start sentences with: nevertheless, therefor, however
- of course, this is English, the rules can-be and are broken at times, but not by you!
all statements must be TRUE
- read your sentences carefully, in isolation, is it true?
- for example a common mistake is "ILs exhibit unique properties" this is NOT true there is no single property that is unique to ILs, but "ILs exhibit a unique combination of properties" is true.
do not anthropomorphise
- that is do make human an inhuman entity, avoid "their" "themselves"
your LOGIC must be good
- make sure that when you say "A therefore B" in a sentence that A and B are EXPLICITLY connected
- sentence construction NOT "due to B, A" but YES to "A due to B"
SET-UP the problem
- students have a tendency to start in the middle of an explanation and not set up the problem
- start from the beginning explain the problem or concept from scratch
- it might be helpful to imagine you are explaining the concept to an UG, who knows nothing about the problem
ONE sentence ONE idea
- students can have a tendency to produce long rambling sentences
- scientific writing is short and to the point
- don't be overly wordy, don't try to "sound good" state it as it is.
use PARAGRAPHS appropriately
- organise your sentences that are about the same point together
referring to Figures
- do not write "comment ... as shown in Figure X", rather format this as "comment, Figure X"
notation and ACRONYMS
- clearly define all notation at the first use e.g. define what N1124 means
- avoid the use acronyms if at all possible, only use very COMMON acronyms