View source for Cetirizine

=Cetirizine=

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==General==
'''Cetirizine''', with the chemical name '''''(±) - [2- [4- [ (4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl] -1- piperazinyl] ethoxy]acetic acid dihydrochloride''''',a major matabolite of Hydroxyzine,which is an orally active and selective H1-receptor antagonist. The chemical structure is shown below:

[[Image:Cetirizine structure.gif|thumb|Image of Cyclophosphamide]]

This chemical compound is a white, crystalline powder and is water soluble, it is mainly used in medical treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria. ZYRTEC tablets(the active component of the chemical compound)are formulated as white, film-coated, rounded-off rectangular shaped tablets for oral administration and are available in 5 and 10 mg strengths.

==Synthesis== 

'''(S)-cetirizine.2HCl''' is prepared via the diastereoselective organometallic addition to N-tert-butanesulfnyl adlimines (''scheme 1'').  Organometallic reagent addition to imines is advantageous in that either enantiomeric forms of ceterizine (''structure 2'') can be produced by changing the imine/ organometallic partner; the imine of 4-chlorobenzaleldehyde (''structure 4'') with metallobenzene gives the opposite enantiomer to the reaction of benzaldehyde imine (''structure 3'') with the 4-chlorometallobenzene. 

==Spectra==

NMR Spectral information showing a variation of chemical shifts against pD; these pD values are obtained when a correction of 0.4 were added to measured pH values[1] 

<sup>1</sup>H-NMR spectra 

[[Image:HNMR_cetirizine.JPG|HNMR_cetirizine.JPG]]

<sup>13</sup>C-NMR spectra for the <sup>13</sup>C nuclei in D<sub>2</sub> nuclei at 24.85 C and 200 MHz.

[[Image:CNMR_cetirizine.JPG|CNMR_cetirizine.JPG]]

==Pharmaceutical Usage== 


== '''[[Usages of ZYRTEC]]''' ==

'''Preparations'''

[[Image:Cetirizine.jpg ]]

'''Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis'''

''Symptoms:'' Zyrtec provides relief to symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal prutitus, ocular pruritus, tearing, and redness of the eyes

''Allergens:'' ragweed, grass and tree pollens are causes of seasonal allergic rhinitis 


'''Perennial Allergic Rhinitis:'''

''Symptoms:'' sneezing, rhinorrhea, postnasal discharge, nasal pruritus, ocular pruritus, and tearing.

''Allergens:'' dust mites, animal dander and molds 


'''Chronic Urticaria:'''

''Symptoms:'' uncomplicated skin

''Allergens:'' hives 



'''DOSING''': Cetirizine should be taken at doses specifically directed by a physician, it can be taken with food.
 
'''DRUG INTERACTIONS''': Cetirizine should be taken only in doses prescribed. Increasing the dose can be dangerous. When taking cetirizine with theophylline the dose of theophylline may need to be reduced. Cetirizine occasionally can cause sleepiness . Cetirizine can be taken with erythromycin or ketaconazole without the increased risk of heart irregularities common to other non-sedating antihistamines. Cetirizine also can be used to treat children. 
SIDE EFFECTS: Sleepiness occurs in 14% of patients. Dry mouth, nausea, headache, fatigue, jitteriness and sore throat are infrequently reported with cetirizine. 
|-

==References==

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} <!-- replace if not identical with the article name -->
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|- 
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC Systematic name]
| (±) - [2- [4- [ (4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl] -1- piperazinyl] ethoxy]acetic acid dihydrochloride
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H25ClN2O3 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] <!-- mostly for organic compounds, omit otherwise -->
| C1CN(CCN1CCOCC(=O)O)C(C2=CC=CC=C2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)Cl
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 461.82g/mol
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage_composition Percentage composition]
| C 64.86%, H 6.48%, Cl 9.12%, N 7.20%, O 12.34%
|-
| Appearance
| White Crystalline powder, water soluble
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 83881-51-0
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonyms]
| Alatrol, Cetirizina MERCK, Cetzine Glaxo, Cetirizin, Humex, Letizen, Razene, Reactine, Zyrtec, Zirtec, Zodac, Zirtek, Zynor, Zyrlek
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
|110-115°(for crystals from ethanol)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_Index Refractive index]
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioavailability]
| Well absorbed
|-
|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Binding]
| 93% avg
|-
| [[Lawson Number]]
| 28000,  14305,  3122,  1771
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and<br />properties]] 
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant ε<sub>r</sub>], etc. 
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic<br />data]] 
| Phase behaviour<br />Solid, liquid, gas 
|-