ChemWiki - User contributions [en]

It07:name of project

2007-12-05T12:43:09Z

Zl406:

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2007-12-05T12:36:41Z

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2007-12-05T11:14:32Z

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It07:name of project

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It07:name of project

2007-10-26T16:12:11Z

Zl406:

'''Vitamin C'''14:26, 18 October 2007 (BST)[[User:Zl406|Zl406]]

'''Vitamin c''' is also called '''L-ascorbate''', it is known as the '''ascorbic acid''', which is the only vitamin is ''water-soluble'', unlike other vitamins, most of them are ''fat-soluble''. Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to make their own vitamin C. so we have to obtain vitamin C daily in our diet. It is very essetial to all living animals to form the ''metabolic'' reactions and as for all living organisms, plants in this case, human is the only excption. Vitamin C ''deficiency accelerates aging'', this is because it act as an ''antioxidant'' in the body, so it protect the living body from over oxdative stress. Finally it also involves in sereval ''vital'' ''enzymatic'' reactions.
But the daily requirement of vitamin c is still under debating since the human body dose not store any vitamin c.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for all humans and a few other mammals that lack the ability to biosynthesize the compound from glucose because they lack the enzyme gulono-

Vitamin C functions physiologically as a water-soluble antioxidant by virtue of its high reducing power. It is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters in vitro, and it can quench a variety of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in aqueous environments. Evidence for in vivo antioxidant functions of ascorbate include the scavenging of reactive oxidants in activated leukocytes, lung, and gastric mucosa, and diminished lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary isoprostane excretion. To provide antioxidant protection, a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 90 mg/day for adult men and 75 mg/day for adult women is set based on the vitamin C intake to maintain near-maximal neutrophil concentration with minimal urinary excretion of ascorbate. Because smoking increases oxidative stress and metabolic turnover of vitamin C, the requirement for smokers is increased by 35 mg/day. Estimates of median dietary intakes of vitamin C for adults are 102 mg/day and 72 mg/day in the United States and Canada, respectively. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults is set at 2 g/day; the adverse effects upon which the UL is based are osmotic diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Water-soluble vitamin C also protects fat-soluble vitamins (like A and E) and fatty acids from oxidizing in the body.

[[Image:Vitamin_c_veg_pic.jpg|thumb|right|200|friuts, vegetables that high in vitamin c]]


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-

| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

== Beauty uses ==
=== Whitening effect ===
=== Regenerating skin ===

== Daily requirement ==
== Toxicity ==

== Vitamin C in diet ==

===RDA-Louis Warschaw Prostate Cancer Center Recommendations===
*60 mg is the daily RDA (recommended dietary allowance) of vitamin C per day. Taking up to 250 mg per day is acceptable, as long as it comes from your five or more servings of fruits and vegetables.

*Do not take a vitamin C supplement. If you are eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, you will be getting an adequate amount of vitamin C.

*Consult your physician if you are currently undergoing radiation or chemotherapy. For example, it is possible that large amounts of vitamin C can interfere with the effects of chemotherapy.

=== Relationships with adiposity ===
[[Image:Graph_show_that_vc.gif |thumb|right|200|a chart show the relationship between vitamin c and adiposity]]
lasma vitamin C concentrations are inversely related to fatness and to waist circumference in healthy adults [Journal of Nutrition 2007, In Press]: that is, the more vitamin C in plasma, the less body fat. This relationship may be partially explained by vitamin C’s role as a cofactor for carnitine synthesis (a molecule needed to oxidize body fat).

=== Fruit and Vegetables Compared and Ranked by Vitamin C ===
[[Image:Campare_vc.gif |thumb|right|200|ranking of vitamin c in friuts and vegetables]]

{| border="1"
|+
! Friuts and vegetables contains Vitamin C !! Value in mg per 100 grams of edible portion of raw item
|+
! Broccoli
| 89.2 ||
|-
! Papaya
| 61.8 ||
|-
! Cauliflower
| 46.4||
|-
! Orange
| 45||
|-
! G.Peas
| 40||
|-
! Strawberry
| 37||
|-
! Spinach
| 28.1 ||
|-
! Lettuce
| 18||
|-
! Melon
| 18||
|-
! Pinapple
| 16.9 ||
|-
! Tomatos
| 12.7||
|-
! Banana
| 8.7||
|-
! Peach
| 6.6||
|-
! Lentils
| 6.2||
|-
! Carrots
| 5.9 ||
|-
! Asparagus
| 5.6||
|-
! F.Beas
| 4.6||
|-
! Apple
| 4.6 ||
|-
! Pear
| 4.2 ||
|-
! Graps
| 4 ||
|}
== See also ==
== References ==

[[spectroscopic properties|vitamin in diet ]]

http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5785#Properties
http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://medicineworld.org/images/blogs/7-2007/vitamin-c-vitamin-c-foods-8570.jpg&imgrefurl=http://medicineworld.org/news/news-archives/health-news/Aug-10-2007.html&h=320&w=400&sz=24&hl=en&start=10&um=1&tbnid=9lnrXdh5YrukxM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=124&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvitamin%2Bc%2Bimage%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-GB:official%26hs%3DpPQ%26sa%3DX
http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.poly.asu.edu/ecollege/nutrition/research/Images/johnston/vitaminC.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.poly.asu.edu/ecollege/nutrition/research/vitaminc.html&h=294&w=345&sz=4&hl=en&start=8&um=1&tbnid=0_V3_6GXPsI4XM:&tbnh=102&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvitamin%2Bc%2Bimage%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-GB:official%26hs%3DpPQ%26sa%3DX
http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.health-garden.com/vitamin-c.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.health-garden.com/vitamin-c-compared.html&h=618&w=339&sz=11&hl=en&start=14&um=1&tbnid=4taBsR-U1umpGM:&tbnh=136&tbnw=75&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvitamin%2Bc%2Bimage%26svnum%3D10%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-GB:official%26hs%3DpPQ%26sa%3DX


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-

| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

It07:name of project

2007-10-26T16:00:46Z

Zl406:

'''Vitamin C'''14:26, 18 October 2007 (BST)[[User:Zl406|Zl406]]

'''Vitamin c''' is also called '''L-ascorbate''', it is known as the '''ascorbic acid''', which is the only vitamin is ''water-soluble'', unlike other vitamins, most of them are ''fat-soluble''. Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to make their own vitamin C. so we have to obtain vitamin C daily in our diet. It is very essetial to all living animals to form the ''metabolic'' reactions and as for all living organisms, plants in this case, human is the only excption. Vitamin C ''deficiency accelerates aging'', this is because it act as an ''antioxidant'' in the body, so it protect the living body from over oxdative stress. Finally it also involves in sereval ''vital'' ''enzymatic'' reactions.
But the daily requirement of vitamin c is still under debating since the human body dose not store any vitamin c.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for all humans and a few other mammals that lack the ability to biosynthesize the compound from glucose because they lack the enzyme gulono-

Vitamin C functions physiologically as a water-soluble antioxidant by virtue of its high reducing power. It is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters in vitro, and it can quench a variety of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in aqueous environments. Evidence for in vivo antioxidant functions of ascorbate include the scavenging of reactive oxidants in activated leukocytes, lung, and gastric mucosa, and diminished lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary isoprostane excretion. To provide antioxidant protection, a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 90 mg/day for adult men and 75 mg/day for adult women is set based on the vitamin C intake to maintain near-maximal neutrophil concentration with minimal urinary excretion of ascorbate. Because smoking increases oxidative stress and metabolic turnover of vitamin C, the requirement for smokers is increased by 35 mg/day. Estimates of median dietary intakes of vitamin C for adults are 102 mg/day and 72 mg/day in the United States and Canada, respectively. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults is set at 2 g/day; the adverse effects upon which the UL is based are osmotic diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Water-soluble vitamin C also protects fat-soluble vitamins (like A and E) and fatty acids from oxidizing in the body.

[[Image:Vitamin_c_veg_pic.jpg|thumb|right|200|friuts, vegetables that high in vitamin c]]


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-

| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

== Beauty uses ==
=== Whitening effect ===
=== Regenerating skin ===

== Daily requirement ==
== Toxicity ==

== Vitamin C in diet ==

===RDA-Louis Warschaw Prostate Cancer Center Recommendations===
*60 mg is the daily RDA (recommended dietary allowance) of vitamin C per day. Taking up to 250 mg per day is acceptable, as long as it comes from your five or more servings of fruits and vegetables.

*Do not take a vitamin C supplement. If you are eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, you will be getting an adequate amount of vitamin C.

*Consult your physician if you are currently undergoing radiation or chemotherapy. For example, it is possible that large amounts of vitamin C can interfere with the effects of chemotherapy.

=== Relationships with adiposity ===
[[Image:Graph_show_that_vc.gif |thumb|right|200|a chart show the relationship between vitamin c and adiposity]]
lasma vitamin C concentrations are inversely related to fatness and to waist circumference in healthy adults [Journal of Nutrition 2007, In Press]: that is, the more vitamin C in plasma, the less body fat. This relationship may be partially explained by vitamin C’s role as a cofactor for carnitine synthesis (a molecule needed to oxidize body fat).

=== Fruit and Vegetables Compared and Ranked by Vitamin C ===
[[Image:Campare_vc.gif |thumb|right|200|ranking of vitamin c in friuts and vegetables]]

{| border="1"
|+
! Friuts and vegetables contains Vitamin C !! Value in mg per 100 grams of edible portion of raw item
|+
! Broccoli
| 89.2 ||
|-
! Papaya
| 61.8 ||
|-
! Cauliflower
| 46.4||
|-
! Orange
| 45||
|-
! G.Peas
| 40||
|-
! Strawberry
| 37||
|-
! Spinach
| 28.1 ||
|-
! Lettuce
| 18||
|-
! Melon
| 18||
|-
! Pinapple
| 16.9 ||
|-
! Tomatos
| 12.7||
|-
! Banana
| 8.7||
|-
! Peach
| 6.6||
|-
! Lentils
| 6.2||
|-
! Carrots
| 5.9 ||
|-
! Asparagus
| 5.6||
|-
! F.Beas
| 4.6||
|-
! Apple
| 4.6 ||
|-
! Pear
| 4.2 ||
|-
! Graps
| 4 ||
|}
== See also ==
== References ==

[[spectroscopic properties|vitamin in diet ]]

http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5785#Properties


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-

| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

It07:name of project

2007-10-26T15:58:54Z

Zl406:

'''Vitamin C'''14:26, 18 October 2007 (BST)[[User:Zl406|Zl406]]


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-

| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

'''Vitamin c''' is also called '''L-ascorbate''', it is known as the '''ascorbic acid''', which is the only vitamin is ''water-soluble'', unlike other vitamins, most of them are ''fat-soluble''. Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to make their own vitamin C. so we have to obtain vitamin C daily in our diet. It is very essetial to all living animals to form the ''metabolic'' reactions and as for all living organisms, plants in this case, human is the only excption. Vitamin C ''deficiency accelerates aging'', this is because it act as an ''antioxidant'' in the body, so it protect the living body from over oxdative stress. Finally it also involves in sereval ''vital'' ''enzymatic'' reactions.
But the daily requirement of vitamin c is still under debating since the human body dose not store any vitamin c.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for all humans and a few other mammals that lack the ability to biosynthesize the compound from glucose because they lack the enzyme gulono-

Vitamin C functions physiologically as a water-soluble antioxidant by virtue of its high reducing power. It is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters in vitro, and it can quench a variety of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in aqueous environments. Evidence for in vivo antioxidant functions of ascorbate include the scavenging of reactive oxidants in activated leukocytes, lung, and gastric mucosa, and diminished lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary isoprostane excretion. To provide antioxidant protection, a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 90 mg/day for adult men and 75 mg/day for adult women is set based on the vitamin C intake to maintain near-maximal neutrophil concentration with minimal urinary excretion of ascorbate. Because smoking increases oxidative stress and metabolic turnover of vitamin C, the requirement for smokers is increased by 35 mg/day. Estimates of median dietary intakes of vitamin C for adults are 102 mg/day and 72 mg/day in the United States and Canada, respectively. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults is set at 2 g/day; the adverse effects upon which the UL is based are osmotic diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Water-soluble vitamin C also protects fat-soluble vitamins (like A and E) and fatty acids from oxidizing in the body.

[[Image:Vitamin_c_veg_pic.jpg|thumb|right|200|friuts, vegetables that high in vitamin c]]

== Beauty uses ==
=== Whitening effect ===
=== Regenerating skin ===

== Daily requirement ==
== Toxicity ==

== Vitamin C in diet ==

===RDA-Louis Warschaw Prostate Cancer Center Recommendations===
*60 mg is the daily RDA (recommended dietary allowance) of vitamin C per day. Taking up to 250 mg per day is acceptable, as long as it comes from your five or more servings of fruits and vegetables.

*Do not take a vitamin C supplement. If you are eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, you will be getting an adequate amount of vitamin C.

*Consult your physician if you are currently undergoing radiation or chemotherapy. For example, it is possible that large amounts of vitamin C can interfere with the effects of chemotherapy.

=== Relationships with adiposity ===
[[Image:Graph_show_that_vc.gif |thumb|right|200|a chart show the relationship between vitamin c and adiposity]]
lasma vitamin C concentrations are inversely related to fatness and to waist circumference in healthy adults [Journal of Nutrition 2007, In Press]: that is, the more vitamin C in plasma, the less body fat. This relationship may be partially explained by vitamin C’s role as a cofactor for carnitine synthesis (a molecule needed to oxidize body fat).

=== Fruit and Vegetables Compared and Ranked by Vitamin C ===
[[Image:Campare_vc.gif |thumb|right|200|ranking of vitamin c in friuts and vegetables]]

{| border="1"
|+
! Friuts and vegetables contains Vitamin C !! Value in mg per 100 grams of edible portion of raw item
|+
! Broccoli
| 89.2 ||
|-
! Papaya
| 61.8 ||
|-
! Cauliflower
| 46.4||
|-
! Orange
| 45||
|-
! G.Peas
| 40||
|-
! Strawberry
| 37||
|-
! Spinach
| 28.1 ||
|-
! Lettuce
| 18||
|-
! Melon
| 18||
|-
! Pinapple
| 16.9 ||
|-
! Tomatos
| 12.7||
|-
! Banana
| 8.7||
|-
! Peach
| 6.6||
|-
! Lentils
| 6.2||
|-
! Carrots
| 5.9 ||
|-
! Asparagus
| 5.6||
|-
! F.Beas
| 4.6||
|-
! Apple
| 4.6 ||
|-
! Pear
| 4.2 ||
|-
! Graps
| 4 ||
|}
== See also ==
== References ==

[[spectroscopic properties|vitamin in diet ]]

http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5785#Properties


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-

| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

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File:Campare vc.gif

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'''Vitamin C'''14:26, 18 October 2007 (BST)[[User:Zl406|Zl406]]

[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb|right|200|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-

| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

'''Vitamin c''' is also called '''L-ascorbate''', it is known as the '''ascorbic acid''', which is the only vitamin is ''water-soluble'', unlike other vitamins, most of them are ''fat-soluble''. Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to make their own vitamin C. so we have to obtain vitamin C daily in our diet. It is very essetial to all living animals to form the ''metabolic'' reactions and as for all living organisms, plants in this case, human is the only excption. Vitamin C ''deficiency accelerates aging'', this is because it act as an ''antioxidant'' in the body, so it protect the living body from over oxdative stress. Finally it also involves in sereval ''vital'' ''enzymatic'' reactions.
But the daily requirement of vitamin c is still under debating since the human body dose not store any vitamin c.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for all humans and a few other mammals that lack the ability to biosynthesize the compound from glucose because they lack the enzyme gulono-

Vitamin C functions physiologically as a water-soluble antioxidant by virtue of its high reducing power. It is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters in vitro, and it can quench a variety of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in aqueous environments. Evidence for in vivo antioxidant functions of ascorbate include the scavenging of reactive oxidants in activated leukocytes, lung, and gastric mucosa, and diminished lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary isoprostane excretion. To provide antioxidant protection, a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 90 mg/day for adult men and 75 mg/day for adult women is set based on the vitamin C intake to maintain near-maximal neutrophil concentration with minimal urinary excretion of ascorbate. Because smoking increases oxidative stress and metabolic turnover of vitamin C, the requirement for smokers is increased by 35 mg/day. Estimates of median dietary intakes of vitamin C for adults are 102 mg/day and 72 mg/day in the United States and Canada, respectively. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults is set at 2 g/day; the adverse effects upon which the UL is based are osmotic diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Water-soluble vitamin C also protects fat-soluble vitamins (like A and E) and fatty acids from oxidizing in the body.

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

[[Image:Vitamin_c_veg_pic.jpg|thumb|right|200|friuts, vegetables that high in vitamin c]]
== Beauty uses ==
=== Whitening effect ===
=== Regenerating skin ===

== Daily requirement ==
== Toxicity ==

== Vitamin C in diet ==
=== Relationships with adiposity ===
lasma vitamin C concentrations are inversely related to fatness and to waist circumference in healthy adults [Journal of Nutrition 2007, In Press]: that is, the more vitamin C in plasma, the less body fat. This relationship may be partially explained by vitamin C’s role as a cofactor for carnitine synthesis (a molecule needed to oxidize body fat).
[[Image:Graph_show_that_vc.gif |thumb|right|200|a chart show the relationship between vitamin c and adiposity]]

== See also ==
== References ==

[[spectroscopic properties|vitamin in diet ]]
{|
| mole || Entry 2 || Entry 3
|}
{| border="1"
|+ Contents
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row heading A
|Cell B ||Cell C
|}
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5785#Properties

File:Graph show that vc.gif

2007-10-26T15:01:01Z

Zl406:

It07:name of project

2007-10-26T14:59:16Z

Zl406:

'''Vitamin C'''14:26, 18 October 2007 (BST)[[User:Zl406|Zl406]]

[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb|right|200|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-

| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

'''Vitamin c''' is also called '''L-ascorbate''', it is known as the '''ascorbic acid''', which is the only vitamin is ''water-soluble'', unlike other vitamins, most of them are ''fat-soluble''. Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to make their own vitamin C. so we have to obtain vitamin C daily in our diet. It is very essetial to all living animals to form the ''metabolic'' reactions and as for all living organisms, plants in this case, human is the only excption. Vitamin C ''deficiency accelerates aging'', this is because it act as an ''antioxidant'' in the body, so it protect the living body from over oxdative stress. Finally it also involves in sereval ''vital'' ''enzymatic'' reactions.
But the daily requirement of vitamin c is still under debating since the human body dose not store any vitamin c.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for all humans and a few other mammals that lack the ability to biosynthesize the compound from glucose because they lack the enzyme gulono-

Vitamin C functions physiologically as a water-soluble antioxidant by virtue of its high reducing power. It is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters in vitro, and it can quench a variety of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in aqueous environments. Evidence for in vivo antioxidant functions of ascorbate include the scavenging of reactive oxidants in activated leukocytes, lung, and gastric mucosa, and diminished lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary isoprostane excretion. To provide antioxidant protection, a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 90 mg/day for adult men and 75 mg/day for adult women is set based on the vitamin C intake to maintain near-maximal neutrophil concentration with minimal urinary excretion of ascorbate. Because smoking increases oxidative stress and metabolic turnover of vitamin C, the requirement for smokers is increased by 35 mg/day. Estimates of median dietary intakes of vitamin C for adults are 102 mg/day and 72 mg/day in the United States and Canada, respectively. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults is set at 2 g/day; the adverse effects upon which the UL is based are osmotic diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Water-soluble vitamin C also protects fat-soluble vitamins (like A and E) and fatty acids from oxidizing in the body.

<jmol>
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<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

[[Image:Vitamin_c_veg_pic.jpg|thumb|right|200|friuts, vegetables that high in vitamin c]]
== Beauty uses ==
=== Whitening effect ===
=== Regenerating skin ===

== Daily requirement ==
== Toxicity ==

== Vitamin C in diet ==
=== Relationships with adiposity ===
lasma vitamin C concentrations are inversely related to fatness and to waist circumference in healthy adults [Journal of Nutrition 2007, In Press]: that is, the more vitamin C in plasma, the less body fat. This relationship may be partially explained by vitamin C’s role as a cofactor for carnitine synthesis (a molecule needed to oxidize body fat).

== See also ==
== References ==

[[spectroscopic properties|vitamin in diet ]]
{|
| mole || Entry 2 || Entry 3
|}
{| border="1"
|+ Contents
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row heading A
|Cell B ||Cell C
|}
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5785#Properties

It07:name of project

2007-10-26T14:57:44Z

Zl406:

'''Vitamin C'''14:26, 18 October 2007 (BST)[[User:Zl406|Zl406]]

[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb|right|200|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]


</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} | Vitamin C 
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitaminc.jpg|thumb |centre|300|A 3D image of Vitamin C]]

|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
[[Image:Vitamin c.png|thumb|centre|300|A plane view of Vitamin C]]
|-
|-
| align="center" width="400" colspan="4" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>black</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk -25;frame 0;MultipleBonds ON; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>water.mol
REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
M END</inlineContents>
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|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [[International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature|Systematic name]]
| (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one 
|-
| Other names
| Ascorbic acid 
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| C6H8O6 
|-
| [[Simplified molecular input line entry specification|SMILES]] 
| O=C1[C@]([C@@H](O)CO)([H])OC(O)=C1O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| 176.12412 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| ? 
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| [?-?-?]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| ? g/cm³, ? 
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| ? g/100 ml (?°C) 
|-



| [[Melting point]]
| ?°C (? K) 
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| ?°C (? K)
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''K''a) 
| ?
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K''b) 
| ?
|-
| [[Specific rotation|Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D]] 
| ?°
|-
| [[Viscosity]]
| ? [[Poise|cP]] at ?°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [[Orbital_hybridisation#Molecule_shape|Molecular shape]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Coordination geometry|Coordination geometry]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| ? 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| ? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| ? 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| 
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| ?°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: ? [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| ?
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [[Refractive index|''n'']], [[Dielectric constant|εr]], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| ? 
|-
| Related [[?]] 
| ? 
|-
| Related compounds

| ?
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

'''Vitamin c''' is also called '''L-ascorbate''', it is known as the '''ascorbic acid''', which is the only vitamin is ''water-soluble'', unlike other vitamins, most of them are ''fat-soluble''. Unlike most mammals, humans do not have the ability to make their own vitamin C. so we have to obtain vitamin C daily in our diet. It is very essetial to all living animals to form the ''metabolic'' reactions and as for all living organisms, plants in this case, human is the only excption. Vitamin C ''deficiency accelerates aging'', this is because it act as an ''antioxidant'' in the body, so it protect the living body from over oxdative stress. Finally it also involves in sereval ''vital'' ''enzymatic'' reactions.
But the daily requirement of vitamin c is still under debating since the human body dose not store any vitamin c.
Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that is essential for all humans and a few other mammals that lack the ability to biosynthesize the compound from glucose because they lack the enzyme gulono-

Vitamin C functions physiologically as a water-soluble antioxidant by virtue of its high reducing power. It is a cofactor for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of collagen, carnitine, and neurotransmitters in vitro, and it can quench a variety of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in aqueous environments. Evidence for in vivo antioxidant functions of ascorbate include the scavenging of reactive oxidants in activated leukocytes, lung, and gastric mucosa, and diminished lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary isoprostane excretion. To provide antioxidant protection, a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 90 mg/day for adult men and 75 mg/day for adult women is set based on the vitamin C intake to maintain near-maximal neutrophil concentration with minimal urinary excretion of ascorbate. Because smoking increases oxidative stress and metabolic turnover of vitamin C, the requirement for smokers is increased by 35 mg/day. Estimates of median dietary intakes of vitamin C for adults are 102 mg/day and 72 mg/day in the United States and Canada, respectively. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for adults is set at 2 g/day; the adverse effects upon which the UL is based are osmotic diarrhea and gastrointestinal disturbances.

Water-soluble vitamin C also protects fat-soluble vitamins (like A and E) and fatty acids from oxidizing in the body.

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REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Thu Oct 18 15:04:59 GMT Daylight Time 2007
ATOM 1 C (NU A 0 2.584 0.846 -0.260 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C (NU A 0 1.539 -0.166 0.212 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C (NU A 0 0.302 -0.079 -0.684 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C (NU A 0 -0.748 -1.074 -0.233 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O (NU A 0 -0.646 -2.286 -0.187 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C (NU A 0 -1.859 -0.299 0.117 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C (NU A 0 -1.574 1.015 -0.077 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 O (NU A 0 -0.327 1.202 -0.543 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 O (NU A 0 -2.442 2.018 0.170 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 O (NU A 0 -3.044 -0.787 0.583 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 O (NU A 0 2.086 -1.484 0.141 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 O (NU A 0 3.690 0.847 0.644 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 H (NU A 0 2.930 0.573 -1.257 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 H (NU A 0 2.139 1.841 -0.290 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 H (NU A 0 1.258 0.055 1.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 H (NU A 0 0.574 -0.258 -1.724 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 H (NU A 0 -1.988 2.842 -0.052 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 H (NU A 0 -3.619 -0.025 0.739 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 H (NU A 0 2.321 -1.640 -0.784 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 H (NU A 0 4.324 1.497 0.311 1.00 0.00
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[[Image:Vitamin_c_veg_pic.jpg|thumb|right|200|friuts, vegetables that high in vitamin c]]
== Beauty uses ==
=== Whitening effect ===
=== Regenerating skin ===

== Daily requirement ==
== Toxicity ==

== Vitamin C in diet ==
=== Relationships with adiposity ===
== See also ==
== References ==

[[spectroscopic properties|vitamin in diet ]]
{|
| mole || Entry 2 || Entry 3
|}
{| border="1"
|+ Contents
! Column heading 1 !! Column heading 2 !! Column heading 3
|-
! Row heading 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row heading A
|Cell B ||Cell C
|}
http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5785#Properties