ChemWiki - User contributions [en]

Rohypnol

2007-12-07T17:10:50Z

Vas06: /* Risks */

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! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:{{PAGENAME}}.jpg|200px|{{PAGENAME}}]] 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC Systematic name]
| 6-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methyl-9-nitro-2,
5-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undeca-5,8,10,12-
tetraen-3-one

|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C16H12FN3O3
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 313.3

|-
| Appearance
| White, light yellow crystalline powder
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 1622-62-4
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties

|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility]
| Almost insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 168-172 C 
|}
===Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam) ===
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Rohypnol is a sedative and belongs to a class of drugs known as the benzodiazepines which depress the central nervous system. It is the trade name for a compound known as flunitrazepam. The drug can be taken in a pill (1 and 2mg), crushed up and snorted or dissolved in a drink (alcohol). Rohypnol is manufactured worldwide for medical and therapeutic use but its popularity amongst drug users has rapidly increased and thus is referred to as a ‘Club Drug’ along with Ketamine, LSD and MDMA.

==Synthesis==

Flunitrazepam was first synthesised from (2-fluoro)-methylbenzene.

==Mechanism of action==

Rohypnol is lipophlic and when it is ingested, it is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream and enters the brain via oxidative pathways. The chemical is metabolised rapidly by enzymes (main one being CYP3A4) and binds to nerve receptors that are involved in co-ordination, memory and anxiety. In the absence of Rohypnol, the GABA neurotransmitter binds to these nerve receptors and reduces the activity in the brain. However, when Rohypnol is present it binds to another site (not the binding site) of GABA which slows down the nerve activity in the brain more efficiently. This enhancement of the GABA effect makes Rohypnol a ‘positive allosteric modulator’.

As mentioned previously, Rohypnol is very rapidly absorbed and carried hepatically around the body and peak plasma concentrations occur after 40 minutes from ingestion and thus are a very fast acting benzodiazepine. In addition, Rohypnol has a long half life (roughly 18-26 hours) and a long lasting active metabolite so its effects can persist through to the next day.

==Uses==

Recreational
Rohypnol is grossly misused recreationally both on its own and with other drugs, e.g. with heroin to heighten the effects or after cocaine or methamphetamine use to ease the after effects of the high. It is also used to counteract the unwanted effects of stimulants such as paranoia, jitteriness, etc. It is used most frequently at raves and by high school and university students. Its low cost and availability is responsible for the rapidly growing numbers of Rohypnol users.
Medical
In the early 1970s, this drug was first used in hospitals where deep sedation was required. It is prescribed to relieve severe back pain and in the short term treatments of extreme cases of sleep disorders. It is also used therapeutically to calm patients.

(6)
{| class="wikitable"

|-

| [[Image:270247 rohypnol300.jpg|thumb|Description]]

|}

==Effects==

As Rohypnol affects the neutosteroid metabolism, it interferes with brain and reproductive system functions. It results in changes to emotional state and motor functions. There are many short term effects from taking Rohypnol, the most common being amnesia. Others include: muscle relaxation, loss of inhibition, ‘drunken’ feeling, reduction in anxiety and hypnotic and euphoric effects. There are also adverse affects such as excessive sedation, impairment of balance and speech, lack of concentration, confusion, hallucinations, impaired psychomotor functions, slurred speech, and gastrointestinal distrurbances. Although it is classed as a depressant, in some individuals it may lead to aggressive behaviour or excitability.

==Risks==

It can be slipped into a drink unnoticed as it is odourless, tasteless and cannot be seen. There is therefore a high risk of a sexual assault and thus this drug is commonly known as the ‘date-rape drug’.
As the drug slows down the breathing and heart rate it can lead to breathing difficulties and nausea. The addictive nature of Rohypnol means that regular users are likely to develop a physical dependence. In addition, individuals may also develop a psychological dependence and overtime, increased doses are required to produce the same effect. Withdrawal effects are therefore inevitable and with heavy users, abrupt withdrawal can result in psychosis, seizures, severe insomnia and anxiety. When it is mixed with other drugs the adverse effects are heightened and the possibility of overdose is increased. Overdose can lead to excessive sedation, respiratory arrest which it most serious cases can result in coma and death. Comas and seizures are most likely when this sedative is combined with amphetamines.
When it is used during pregnancy, the lipolphilic Rohypnol penetrates the membranes and thus crosses over into the placenta resulting in a syndrome known as ‘Floppy Infant Syndrome’ when present in high doses.

==Detection==

Amnesia induced by taking this drug means that a victim of date-rape would not be able to provide any information about events that occurred whilst they were under its influence. This is the reason why the use of this drug in sexual assault is so common. The long half life of the drug means that sophisticated technological equipment can detect flunitrazepan and its related compounds in urine samples for up to about 5 days and roughly 30 days in hair.

(1)
{| class="wikitable"

|-

! Mass Spectrum

! Chromatogram

|-

| [[Image:Mass Spec of Rohypnol png.PNG|thumb|Description]]

| [[Image:Chromatogram of Flunitrazepam.PNG|thumb|Description]]

|}

==Legal status==

Rohypnol is a class C drug. It is legal in 60 countries worldwide for medical use. It is available in the UK on private prescription otherwise its possession is illegal. Rohypnol is not legally available even for medical use in the US.
In 1998, the manufacturing company (Hoffman-Roche) improved the formula of the drug to make it easier to detect. It now contains a blue dye which appears when it is added to a drink and its solubility properties are altered such that it takes longer for it to dissolve into a drink.

==Other names==

Circles, Roach-2, Roofies, Roopies, Rope, R-2, Roaches, Forget-me-pills, Mexican Valium, Baptist Communion, R2-Do-U.

==References==

*(1) http://128.255.99.21/publications/archive/hotline/1999/1999_06/rohypnol.xml
*(2) http://www.streetdrugs.org/rohypnol.htm
*(3) http://www.drugs.com/rohypnol.html
*(4) http://earthops.org/rohypnol.php
*(5) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flunitrazepam
*(6) http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/medical_notes/270247.stm

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T15:11:07Z

Vas06:

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! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Vas_strychnine.JPG|200px]] 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
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== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== History ==

Other than its obvious use by assassins as a deadly poison strychnine has been used in the past to treat appetite loss. The bitter taste stimulates salivary and gastric enzyme secretions, combatting loss of appetite. This approach was used in the 19th century (with miniscule amounts), however these effects were generally overwhelmed by the poisonous symptoms, which resulted in severe illness for many patients, resulting in its diminished use subsequently, and its complete absence as a remedy today.

== Spectroscopic Data<ref>AIST:PIO-D8 Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS</ref> ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== 13C NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_carbon_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== Infra-Red Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_ir.JPG|500px]]

== References ==

<references/>

File:Vas strychnine.pdb

2007-11-06T15:10:01Z

Vas06:

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T15:09:34Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

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! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Vas_strychnine.JPG|200px]] 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

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== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== History ==

Other than its obvious use by assassins as a deadly poison strychnine has been used in the past to treat appetite loss. The bitter taste stimulates salivary and gastric enzyme secretions, combatting loss of appetite. This approach was used in the 19th century (with miniscule amounts), however these effects were generally overwhelmed by the poisonous symptoms, which resulted in severe illness for many patients, resulting in its diminished use subsequently, and its complete absence as a remedy today.

== Spectroscopic Data<ref>AIST:PIO-D8 Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS</ref> ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== 13C NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_carbon_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== Infra-Red Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_ir.JPG|500px]]

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T15:07:00Z

Vas06: /* History */

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Vas_strychnine.JPG|200px]] 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
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<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
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<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== History ==

Other than its obvious use by assassins as a deadly poison strychnine has been used in the past to treat appetite loss. The bitter taste stimulates salivary and gastric enzyme secretions, combatting loss of appetite. This approach was used in the 19th century (with miniscule amounts), however these effects were generally overwhelmed by the poisonous symptoms, which resulted in severe illness for many patients, resulting in its diminished use subsequently, and its complete absence as a remedy today.

== Spectroscopic Data<ref>AIST:PIO-D8 Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS</ref> ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== 13C NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_carbon_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== Infra-Red Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_ir.JPG|500px]]

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T15:06:44Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Vas_strychnine.JPG|200px]] 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>

<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
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<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== History ==

Other than its obvious use by assassins as a deadly poison strychnine has been used in the past to treat appetite loss. The bitter taste stimulates salivary and gastric enzyme secretions, combatting loss of appetite. This approach was used in the 19th century (with miniscule amounts), however these effects were generally overwhelmed by the poisonous symptoms, which resulted in severe illness for many patients, resulting in its diminished use subsequently, and its complete absence as a remedy today.

== Spectroscopic Data<ref>AIST:PIO-D8 Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS</ref> ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== 13C NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_carbon_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== Infra-Red Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_ir.JPG|500px]]

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T15:02:16Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Vas_strychnine.JPG|200px]] 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K)
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>

<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
<menuHeight>-1</menuHeight>
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<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== History ==

The bitter taste of strychnine stimulates salivary and gastric enzyme secretions, combatting loss of appetite. This approach was used in the 19th century (with miniscule amounts), however these effects were generally overwhelmed by the poisonous symptoms, which resulted in severe illness for many patients, resulting in its diminished use subsequently, and its complete absence as a remedy today.

== Spectroscopic Data<ref>AIST:PIO-D8 Spectral Database for Organic Compounds, SDBS</ref> ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== 13C NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_carbon_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== Infra-Red Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_ir.JPG|500px]]

== References ==

<references/>

2007-11-06T14:28:33Z

Vas06:

File:Vas strychnine carbon nmr.JPG

2007-11-06T14:28:16Z

Vas06:

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T14:27:49Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other Names]
|
| 4,6-Methano-6H,14H-indolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline,strychnidin-10-one deriv.; (-)-Strychnine; Certox; NSC 5365; Strychnin
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K) 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>

<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
<menuHeight>-1</menuHeight>
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<jmolButton>
<script>console</script>
<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== 13C NMR Spectrum ===

=== Infra-Red Spectrum ===

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T14:26:50Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other Names]
|
| 4,6-Methano-6H,14H-indolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline,strychnidin-10-one deriv.; (-)-Strychnine; Certox; NSC 5365; Strychnin
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K) 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>

<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
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<script>console</script>
<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

=== 13C NMR ===

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T14:25:55Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other Names]
|
| 4,6-Methano-6H,14H-indolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline,strychnidin-10-one deriv.; (-)-Strychnine; Certox; NSC 5365; Strychnin
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K) 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>

<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
<menuHeight>-1</menuHeight>
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<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== <ref>Spectroscopic Data</ref> ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T14:24:52Z

Vas06: /* Mass Spectrum */

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other Names]
|
| 4,6-Methano-6H,14H-indolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline,strychnidin-10-one deriv.; (-)-Strychnine; Certox; NSC 5365; Strychnin
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K) 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>

<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
<menuHeight>-1</menuHeight>
</jmolMenu>
<jmolButton>
<script>console</script>
<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]

=== 1H NMR ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_h_nmr.JPG|500px]]

== References ==

<references/>

File:Vas strychnine h nmr.JPG

2007-11-06T14:23:30Z

Vas06:

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T14:23:00Z

Vas06: /* Mass Spectrum */

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other Names]
|
| 4,6-Methano-6H,14H-indolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline,strychnidin-10-one deriv.; (-)-Strychnine; Certox; NSC 5365; Strychnin
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K) 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>

<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
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<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG|250px]]

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T14:22:23Z

Vas06: /* Mass Spectrum */

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other Names]
|
| 4,6-Methano-6H,14H-indolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline,strychnidin-10-one deriv.; (-)-Strychnine; Certox; NSC 5365; Strychnin
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K) 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>

<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
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<jmol>
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<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.JPG]]

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T14:21:58Z

Vas06: /* Mass Spectrum */

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other Names]
|
| 4,6-Methano-6H,14H-indolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline,strychnidin-10-one deriv.; (-)-Strychnine; Certox; NSC 5365; Strychnin
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K) 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
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<title>Vas_strychnine.pdb</title><color>black</color>
<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
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<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
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</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.jpg]]

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Strychnine

2007-11-06T14:21:43Z

Vas06: /* Mass Spectrum */

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical Name]
| Strychnidin-10-one
|
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Other Names]
|
| 4,6-Methano-6H,14H-indolo[3,2,1-ij]oxepino[2,3,4-de]pyrrolo[2,3-h]quinoline,strychnidin-10-one deriv.; (-)-Strychnine; Certox; NSC 5365; Strychnin
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C21H22N2O2
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 334.41 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
|
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-24-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| 286-288oC (559-561K) 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
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<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
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<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Strychnine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_strychnine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
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</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Strychnine is a toxic substance that can cause fatality in humans. It is one of the most
bitter substances known. It can be inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the eyes or mouth.
The effects can be felt as soon as 10 minutes after exposure, when muscles spasms begin to
occur in the head and neck. Convulsions then begin throughout the body, paralysing the neural
system and causing asphyxiation after approximately 2 hours.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

=== Mass Spectrum ===

[Image:Vas_strychnine_mass_spec.jpg]

== References ==

<references/>

2007-10-30T11:53:07Z

Vas06:

It07:Morphine

2007-10-30T11:52:34Z

Vas06: /* Synthesis */

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:Vas morphine2.JPG|Left|250px]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC Systematic name]
| 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C17H19NO3
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
| CN5CC[C@]23C1=C4C=CC(O)=C1O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C=C[C@]([H])3C[C@@H]45
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 285.34 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| White Poweder/Pills/Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-27-2
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| {{{Mp}}} K 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

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<jmol>
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== Introduction ==

Morphine is the main biologically active derivative of opium, which is extracted from the Papaver ''somniferum'' species of poppy. Its narcotic effect on the nervous system has led to its widespread use as an intense pain killer in hospitals and other medical care. As it is a powerful drug, it sometimes produced side-effects such as impairment of physical and mental performance, decrease in hunger, and inhibition of the cough reflex. In women it can cause disruption to the mentstrual cycle.

== Addiction and Withdrawal ==

Being and opiate, it is very similar in structure to heroin, and thus gives rise to similar biochemistry, resulting in feelings of euphoria, and significantly reduced feelings of fear and anxiety. It is highly addictive, and both psycological and physical dependence can ensue quickly. Withdrawal symptoms include diarrhoea, stomach cramps and insomnia amongst others.

== Synthesis ==

Morphine can be synthesised either biologically or via numerous artificial methods. The biological pathway begins with the amino acid L-tyrosine, which is converted through 2 steps into (S)-norcoclaurine. This is then alkylated to give a product called (S)-reticuline, which is oxidised to form a 1,2 dehydroreticulinium salt the salt is then reduced, and the stereocentre inverted, by hydrogenation using the naturally occuring molecule NADPH, which is then oxidised to NADP. The desired product from this reaction (R)-reticuline, is unstable due to phenolic coupling, and quickly forms salutaridine. A reduction of the ketone group then ensues, converting the product into salutaridinol which can then undergo SN2 in acidic conditions. The mechanism for this process is shown below:

[[Image:thebaine sn2.JPG|500px]]

[[Image:vas_biosynthesis_of_morphine.JPG|500px]]<ref>Taber, D.F. The Enantioselective Synthesis of Morphine: Strategies and
Tactics in Organic Synthesis 2004, 5, 353</ref>

Artificial synthetic methods include the Gates<ref>Gates, M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4340</ref> and Rice<ref>Rice, C.; Brossi, A. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 592</ref> syntheses and various others that are used to synthesise morphine from a variety of starting materials.

== History ==

Used as a pain relief medicine during the American Civil War, morphine was widely employed, resulting in many soldiers having the 'war disease' morphine addiction when the war ended. In its early life it was prescribed by some physicians to cure the problem of alcohol addiction, as morphine was considered to be less harmful to the body, and produced less anti-social behaviour.
Despite being made illegal in the UK by the Harrison Narcotics Act in 1914, morphine remained a popular recreational drug until heroin was developed (originally as a cure for morphine addiction)<ref>The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

</ref>.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

'''Infra-red Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_ir.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

'''Mass Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Morphine

2007-10-30T11:50:44Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:Vas morphine2.JPG|Left|250px]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC Systematic name]
| 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C17H19NO3
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
| CN5CC[C@]23C1=C4C=CC(O)=C1O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C=C[C@]([H])3C[C@@H]45
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 285.34 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| White Poweder/Pills/Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-27-2
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| {{{Mp}}} K 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

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<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol>

<jmol>
<jmolAppletButton>
<title>Show Morphine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_morphine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolAppletButton>
</jmol>

== Introduction ==

Morphine is the main biologically active derivative of opium, which is extracted from the Papaver ''somniferum'' species of poppy. Its narcotic effect on the nervous system has led to its widespread use as an intense pain killer in hospitals and other medical care. As it is a powerful drug, it sometimes produced side-effects such as impairment of physical and mental performance, decrease in hunger, and inhibition of the cough reflex. In women it can cause disruption to the mentstrual cycle.

== Addiction and Withdrawal ==

Being and opiate, it is very similar in structure to heroin, and thus gives rise to similar biochemistry, resulting in feelings of euphoria, and significantly reduced feelings of fear and anxiety. It is highly addictive, and both psycological and physical dependence can ensue quickly. Withdrawal symptoms include diarrhoea, stomach cramps and insomnia amongst others.

== Synthesis ==

Morphine can be synthesised either biologically or via numerous artificial methods. The biological pathway begins with the amino acid L-tyrosine, which is converted through 2 steps into (S)-norcoclaurine. This is then alkylated to give a product called (S)-reticuline, which is oxidised to form a 1,2 dehydroreticulinium salt the salt is then reduced, and the stereocentre inverted, by hydrogenation using the naturally occuring molecule NADPH, which is then oxidised to NADP. The desired product from this reaction (R)-reticuline, is unstable due to phenolic coupling, and quickly forms salutaridine. A reduction of the ketone group then ensues, converting the product into salutaridinol which can then undergo SN2 in acidic conditions. The mechanism for this process is shown below:

[[Image:thebaine sn2.JPG|350px]]

[[Image:vas_biosynthesis_of_morphine.JPG|500px]]<ref>Taber, D.F. The Enantioselective Synthesis of Morphine: Strategies and
Tactics in Organic Synthesis 2004, 5, 353</ref>

Artificial synthetic methods include the Gates<ref>Gates, M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4340</ref> and Rice<ref>Rice, C.; Brossi, A. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 592</ref> syntheses and various others that are used to synthesise morphine from a variety of starting materials.

== History ==

Used as a pain relief medicine during the American Civil War, morphine was widely employed, resulting in many soldiers having the 'war disease' morphine addiction when the war ended. In its early life it was prescribed by some physicians to cure the problem of alcohol addiction, as morphine was considered to be less harmful to the body, and produced less anti-social behaviour.
Despite being made illegal in the UK by the Harrison Narcotics Act in 1914, morphine remained a popular recreational drug until heroin was developed (originally as a cure for morphine addiction)<ref>The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

</ref>.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

'''Infra-red Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_ir.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

'''Mass Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Morphine

2007-10-30T11:47:39Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:Vas morphine2.JPG|Left|250px]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC Systematic name]
| 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C17H19NO3
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
| CN5CC[C@]23C1=C4C=CC(O)=C1O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C=C[C@]([H])3C[C@@H]45
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 285.34 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| White Poweder/Pills/Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-27-2
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| {{{Mp}}} K 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
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<jmol>
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<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_morphine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
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== Introduction ==

Morphine is the main biologically active derivative of opium, which is extracted from the Papaver ''somniferum'' species of poppy. Its narcotic effect on the nervous system has led to its widespread use as an intense pain killer in hospitals and other medical care. As it is a powerful drug, it sometimes produced side-effects such as impairment of physical and mental performance, decrease in hunger, and inhibition of the cough reflex. In women it can cause disruption to the mentstrual cycle.

== Addiction and Withdrawal ==

Being and opiate, it is very similar in structure to heroin, and thus gives rise to similar biochemistry, resulting in feelings of euphoria, and significantly reduced feelings of fear and anxiety. It is highly addictive, and both psycological and physical dependence can ensue quickly. Withdrawal symptoms include diarrhoea, stomach cramps and insomnia amongst others.

== Synthesis ==

Morphine can be synthesised either biologically or via numerous artificial methods. The biological pathway begins with the amino acid L-tyrosine, which is converted through 2 steps into (S)-norcoclaurine. This is then alkylated to give a product called (S)-reticuline, which is oxidised to form a 1,2 dehydroreticulinium salt the salt is then reduced, and the stereocentre inverted, by hydrogenation using the naturally occuring molecule NADPH, which is then oxidised to NADP. The desired product from this reaction (R)-reticuline, is unstable due to phenolic coupling, and quickly forms salutaridine. A reduction of the ketone group then ensues, converting the product into salutaridinol which can then undergo SN2 in acidic conditions. The mechanism for this process is shown below:

[[Image:thebaine_sn2.JPG|350px]]

[[Image:vas_biosynthesis_of_morphine.JPG|500px]]<ref>Taber, D.F. The Enantioselective Synthesis of Morphine: Strategies and
Tactics in Organic Synthesis 2004, 5, 353</ref>

Artificial synthetic methods include the Gates<ref>Gates, M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4340</ref> and Rice<ref>Rice, C.; Brossi, A. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 592</ref> syntheses and various others that are used to synthesise morphine from a variety of starting materials.

== History ==

Used as a pain relief medicine during the American Civil War, morphine was widely employed, resulting in many soldiers having the 'war disease' morphine addiction when the war ended. In its early life it was prescribed by some physicians to cure the problem of alcohol addiction, as morphine was considered to be less harmful to the body, and produced less anti-social behaviour.
Despite being made illegal in the UK by the Harrison Narcotics Act in 1914, morphine remained a popular recreational drug until heroin was developed (originally as a cure for morphine addiction)<ref>The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

</ref>.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

'''Infra-red Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_ir.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

'''Mass Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

It07:Morphine

2007-10-30T11:47:10Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:Vas morphine2.JPG|Left|250px]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC Systematic name]
| 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C17H19NO3
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
| CN5CC[C@]23C1=C4C=CC(O)=C1O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C=C[C@]([H])3C[C@@H]45
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 285.34 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| White Poweder/Pills/Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-27-2
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| {{{Mp}}} K 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

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<size>200</size>
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<jmol>
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<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_morphine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
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== Introduction ==

Morphine is the main biologically active derivative of opium, which is extracted from the Papaver ''somniferum'' species of poppy. Its narcotic effect on the nervous system has led to its widespread use as an intense pain killer in hospitals and other medical care. As it is a powerful drug, it sometimes produced side-effects such as impairment of physical and mental performance, decrease in hunger, and inhibition of the cough reflex. In women it can cause disruption to the mentstrual cycle.

== Addiction and Withdrawal ==

Being and opiate, it is very similar in structure to heroin, and thus gives rise to similar biochemistry, resulting in feelings of euphoria, and significantly reduced feelings of fear and anxiety. It is highly addictive, and both psycological and physical dependence can ensue quickly. Withdrawal symptoms include diarrhoea, stomach cramps and insomnia amongst others.

== Synthesis ==

Morphine can be synthesised either biologically or via numerous artificial methods. The biological pathway begins with the amino acid L-tyrosine, which is converted through 2 steps into (S)-norcoclaurine. This is then alkylated to give a product called (S)-reticuline, which is oxidised to form a 1,2 dehydroreticulinium salt the salt is then reduced, and the stereocentre inverted, by hydrogenation using the naturally occuring molecule NADPH, which is then oxidised to NADP. The desired product from this reaction (R)-reticuline, is unstable due to phenolic coupling, and quickly forms salutaridine. A reduction of the ketone group then ensues, converting the product into salutaridinol which can then undergo SN2 in acidic conditions. The mechanism for this process is shown below:

[[Image:thebaine_sn2.JPG|500px]]

[[Image:vas_biosynthesis_of_morphine.JPG|500px]]<ref>Taber, D.F. The Enantioselective Synthesis of Morphine: Strategies and
Tactics in Organic Synthesis 2004, 5, 353</ref>

Artificial synthetic methods include the Gates<ref>Gates, M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4340</ref> and Rice<ref>Rice, C.; Brossi, A. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 592</ref> syntheses and various others that are used to synthesise morphine from a variety of starting materials.

== History ==

Used as a pain relief medicine during the American Civil War, morphine was widely employed, resulting in many soldiers having the 'war disease' morphine addiction when the war ended. In its early life it was prescribed by some physicians to cure the problem of alcohol addiction, as morphine was considered to be less harmful to the body, and produced less anti-social behaviour.
Despite being made illegal in the UK by the Harrison Narcotics Act in 1914, morphine remained a popular recreational drug until heroin was developed (originally as a cure for morphine addiction)<ref>The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2007, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.

</ref>.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

'''Infra-red Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_ir.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

'''Mass Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

2007-10-29T15:20:32Z

Vas06:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:Vas morphine2.JPG|Left|250px]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC Systematic name]
| 7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| C17H19NO3
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_file_format SMILES] 
| CN5CC[C@]23C1=C4C=CC(O)=C1O[C@H]2[C@@H](O)C=C[C@]([H])3C[C@@H]45
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| 285.34 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| White Poweder/Pills/Colourless liquid
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number CAS number]
| 57-27-2
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density Density] & [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_%28matter%29 phase]
| {{{Density}}} g/cm³ 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility Solubility in water]
| {{{Sol_Water}}} g/100 ml (25°C) 
|-



| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point Melting point]
| {{{Mp}}} K 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling_point Boiling point]
| {{{Bp}}} K
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Acidity] (p''K''a) 
| {{{pKa}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant Basicity] (p''K''b) 
| {{{pKb}}}
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation Chiral rotation <nowiki>[α]</nowiki>D] 
| {{{Rotation}}}°
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity Viscosity]
| {{{Viscosity}}} [[Poise|cP]] at 25°C 
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Structure
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_hybridisation Molecular shape] 
| {{{Mol_Shape}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_geometry Coordination geometry] 
| {{{Coordination}}} 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure Crystal structure] 
| {{{Crystal_Structure}}} 
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| {{{DM}}} [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| {{{Hazards}}} 
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| {{{NFPA}}}
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| {{{Fp}}}°C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| [[List of R-phrases|R]]: {{{R-S}}} [[List of S-phrases|S]]: ?
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| {{{RTECS}}}
|-
! {{chembox header}} | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index ''n''], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dielectric_constant εr], etc.
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Related compounds
|-
| Other [[Ion|anion]]s 
| {{{Other_anion}}} 
|-
| Other [[Ion|cation]]s 
| {{{Ohter_cation}}} 
|-
| Related compounds

| {{{Relative_Compounds}}}
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}
{{Chem-Data_Structure}}

<jmol>
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<size>200</size>
<script>zoom 80; cpk -25;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
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<text>open a console window</text>
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<jmol>
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<title>Show Morphine in popup window</title>
<color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Vas_morphine.pdb</uploadedFileContents>
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== Introduction ==

Morphine is the main biologically active derivative of opium, which is extracted from the Papaver ''somniferum'' species of poppy. Its narcotic effect on the nervous system has led to its widespread use as an intense pain killer in hospitals and other medical care. As it is a powerful drug, it sometimes produced side-effects such as impairment of physical and mental performance, decrease in hunger, and inhibition of the cough reflex. In women it can cause disruption to the mentstrual cycle.
Being and opiate, it is very similar in structure to heroin, and thus gives rise to similar biochemistry, resulting in feelings of euphoria, and significantly reduced feelings of fear and anxiety. It is highly addictive, and is sometimes prescribed - along with methadone - as a replacement for heroin to addicts in rehabilitation facilities.

== Synthesis ==

Morphine can be synthesised either biologically or via numerous artificial methods. The biological pathway is shown below:

[[Image:vas_biosynthesis_of_morphine.JPG|500px]]<ref>Taber, D.F. The Enantioselective Synthesis of Morphine: Strategies and
Tactics in Organic Synthesis 2004, 5, 353</ref>

Artificial synthetic methods include the Gates<ref>Gates, M.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 4340</ref> and Rice<ref>Rice, C.; Brossi, A. J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 592</ref> syntheses and various others that are used to synthesise morphine from a variety of starting materials.

== Spectroscopic Data ==

'''Infra-red Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_ir.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

'''Mass Spectrum'''
[[Image:Vas_morphine_mass_spec.JPG|500px]]<ref>NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)</ref>

== References ==

<references/>