ChemWiki - User contributions [en]

It:h3nbh3

2006-10-22T19:39:24Z

Pf205: /* Synthesis */

Ammonia Borane is a coordination compound which has been recently discovered to be a good source of hydrogen for future hydrogen-fuelled engines.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:ammonia-borane.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
CRYST1 8.5594 6.0337 11.0220 90.00 105.97 90.00 P21/c
SCALE1 0.116831 -0.000000 0.033428 0.000000
SCALE2 -0.000000 0.165736 -0.000000 0.000000
SCALE3 -0.000000 0.000000 0.094368 0.000000
ATOM 1 H 0 1.255 -0.989 0.559 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 2 B 0 0.830 -0.000 0.005 0.00 0.00 B+0
ATOM 3 H 0 1.191 0.001 -1.150 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 N 0 -0.679 -0.000 0.061 0.00 0.00 N+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -1.778 -0.000 0.102 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 H 0 -0.699 0.953 -0.487 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 7 H 0 -0.699 -0.952 -0.489 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 8 H 0 1.255 0.987 0.561 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 2 1 3 4 8 NONE 13
CONECT 4 2 5 6 7 NONE 14
MASTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 0 14 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Boron, amminetrihydro-, (T-4)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Systematic Name]]
|colspan="2"| Ammonia Borane

|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | BH6N
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |30.87 g/mol
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 13774-81-7
|-
| [[Appearance]]
| colspan="2" | colorless, waxy solid
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | 0.780 g/cm3
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water (ph=7)]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 111-114°C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | decomposes
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''Ka'') 
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Enthalpy of Vaporization]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |5.2[[Debye|D]]
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==
Ammonia Borane is formed from a subsitution reaction:

BH3(THF) + NH3 → BH3NH3 + THF

==Uses==

When heated, ammonia-borane releases two thirds of its hydrogen atoms at relatively low temperatures: 110 and 150 C.

The reaction is NH3BH3 + 2H2O --> NH4+ + BO2- +3H2

==References==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_borane

http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/45942

It:h3nbh3

2006-10-22T19:37:56Z

Pf205:

Ammonia Borane is a coordination compound which has been recently discovered to be a good source of hydrogen for future hydrogen-fuelled engines.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:ammonia-borane.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
CRYST1 8.5594 6.0337 11.0220 90.00 105.97 90.00 P21/c
SCALE1 0.116831 -0.000000 0.033428 0.000000
SCALE2 -0.000000 0.165736 -0.000000 0.000000
SCALE3 -0.000000 0.000000 0.094368 0.000000
ATOM 1 H 0 1.255 -0.989 0.559 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 2 B 0 0.830 -0.000 0.005 0.00 0.00 B+0
ATOM 3 H 0 1.191 0.001 -1.150 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 N 0 -0.679 -0.000 0.061 0.00 0.00 N+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -1.778 -0.000 0.102 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 H 0 -0.699 0.953 -0.487 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 7 H 0 -0.699 -0.952 -0.489 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 8 H 0 1.255 0.987 0.561 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 2 1 3 4 8 NONE 13
CONECT 4 2 5 6 7 NONE 14
MASTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 0 14 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Boron, amminetrihydro-, (T-4)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Systematic Name]]
|colspan="2"| Ammonia Borane

|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | BH6N
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |30.87 g/mol
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 13774-81-7
|-
| [[Appearance]]
| colspan="2" | colorless, waxy solid
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | 0.780 g/cm3
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water (ph=7)]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 111-114°C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | decomposes
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''Ka'') 
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Enthalpy of Vaporization]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |5.2[[Debye|D]]
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

BH3(THF) + NH3 → BH3NH3 + THF

==Uses==

When heated, ammonia-borane releases two thirds of its hydrogen atoms at relatively low temperatures: 110 and 150 C.

The reaction is NH3BH3 + 2H2O --> NH4+ + BO2- +3H2

==References==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_borane

http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/45942

File:Ammonia-borane.gif

2006-10-22T19:25:57Z

Pf205:

It:h3nbh3

2006-10-22T19:25:49Z

Pf205:

Ammonia Borane is a coordination compound which has been recently discovered to be a good source of hydrogen for future hydrogen-fuelled engines.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:ammonia-borane.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
CRYST1 8.5594 6.0337 11.0220 90.00 105.97 90.00 P21/c
SCALE1 0.116831 -0.000000 0.033428 0.000000
SCALE2 -0.000000 0.165736 -0.000000 0.000000
SCALE3 -0.000000 0.000000 0.094368 0.000000
ATOM 1 H 0 1.255 -0.989 0.559 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 2 B 0 0.830 -0.000 0.005 0.00 0.00 B+0
ATOM 3 H 0 1.191 0.001 -1.150 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 N 0 -0.679 -0.000 0.061 0.00 0.00 N+0
ATOM 5 H 0 -1.778 -0.000 0.102 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 6 H 0 -0.699 0.953 -0.487 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 7 H 0 -0.699 -0.952 -0.489 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 8 H 0 1.255 0.987 0.561 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 2 1 3 4 8 NONE 13
CONECT 4 2 5 6 7 NONE 14
MASTER 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 14 0 14 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Boron, amminetrihydro-, (T-4)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Systematic Name]]
|colspan="2"| Ammonia Borane

|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | BH6N
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |30.87 g/mol
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 13774-81-7
|-
| [[Appearance]]
| colspan="2" | colorless, waxy solid
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | 0.780 g/cm3
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water (ph=7)]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 104 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | decomposes
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''Ka'') 
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Enthalpy of Vaporization]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |5.2[[Debye|D]]
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

BH3(THF) + NH3 → BH3NH3 + THF

==Uses==

When heated, ammonia-borane releases two thirds of its hydrogen atoms at relatively low temperatures: 110 and 150 C.

==References==
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia_borane

http://www.americanscientist.org/template/AssetDetail/assetid/45942

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T18:54:34Z

Pf205:

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by N.Lofgren and B.Lundqvist in the 1940s, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.
It has found uses also in the treatment of Arrhythmias eg: problems of the electrical system of the heart, causing it to pump less efficiently.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide,
2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)

Instillagel (Cliniflex)

Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
| [[Appearance]]
| colspan="2" | colourless crystalline powder
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water (ph=7)]]
| colspan="2" | Soluble (15 g/L)
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 159-160 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | 68.5 °C
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''Ka'') 
| colspan="2" | 7.8
|-
| [[Flash Point]]
| colspan="2" | 166.0±24.6 °C
|-
| [[Enthalpy of Vaporization]]
| colspan="2" | 59.55±3.0 kJ/mol
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==
[[Image:synthesisoflinocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]

==Uses==

Lignocaine acts by provisionally blocking conduction over the nerve fibers.

When used in concentrations of 2-4% it produces a surface anaesthesia. Commonly injected at 1%, it has a rapid onset and a half life of about 90- 120 minutes.
It is commonly mixed with adrenaline in order to limit the bleeding, thus becoming a good face or scalp anaesthetic.

Lignocaine is also classified as a Class Ib antiarrhythmic agent.

==Contraindications==

Possible side effects:

• visual disturbances

• convulsions

• hypotension

• agitation

• deteriorating conscious level

• heart failure - negatively inotropic

• bradycardia - asystole

• left ventricular failure

An overdosage of lignocaine can result in convulsions, twitching and psychosis.

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

http://www.elephantcare.org/Drugs/lidocain.htm

File:Synthesisoflinocaine.gif

2006-10-22T18:11:10Z

Pf205:

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T18:10:40Z

Pf205:

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by N.Lofgren and B.Lundqvist in the 1940s, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.
It has found uses also in the treatment of Arrhythmias eg: problems of the electrical system of the heart, causing it to pump less efficiently.
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water (ph=7)]]
| colspan="2" | Soluble (15 g/L)
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 159-160 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | 68.5 °C
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''Ka'') 
| colspan="2" |pKa 14.23±0.70 Most Acidic
pKa 8.53±0.25 Most Basic
|-
| [[Flash Point]]
| colspan="2" | 166.0±24.6 °C
|-
| [[Enthalpy of Vaporization]]
| colspan="2" | 59.55±3.0 kJ/mol
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==
[[Image:synthesisoflinocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

Lignocaine acts by provisionally blocking conduction over the nerve fibers.

When used in concentrations of 2-4% it produces a surface anaesthesia. Commonly injected at 1%, it has a rapid onset and a half life of about 90- 120 minutes.
It is commonly mixed with adrenaline in order to limit the bleeding, thus becoming a good face or scalp anaesthetic.

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

File:Synthesis-linocaine.gif

2006-10-22T18:07:05Z

Pf205:

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T18:06:47Z

Pf205:

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by N.Lofgren and B.Lundqvist in the 1940s, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.
It has found uses also in the treatment of Arrhythmias eg: problems of the electrical system of the heart, causing it to pump less efficiently.
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water (ph=7)]]
| colspan="2" | Soluble (15 g/L)
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 159-160 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | 68.5 °C
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''Ka'') 
| colspan="2" |pKa 14.23±0.70 Most Acidic
pKa 8.53±0.25 Most Basic
|-
| [[Flash Point]]
| colspan="2" | 166.0±24.6 °C
|-
| [[Enthalpy of Vaporization]]
| colspan="2" | 59.55±3.0 kJ/mol
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==
[[Image:synthesis-linocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

Lignocaine acts by provisionally blocking conduction over the nerve fibers.

When used in concentrations of 2-4% it produces a surface anaesthesia. Commonly injected at 1%, it has a rapid onset and a half life of about 90- 120 minutes.
It is commonly mixed with adrenaline in order to limit the bleeding, thus becoming a good face or scalp anaesthetic.

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T17:49:19Z

Pf205:

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by N.Lofgren and B.Lundqvist in the 1940s, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.
It has found uses also in the treatment of Arrhythmias eg: problems of the electrical system of the heart, causing it to pump less efficiently.
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water (ph=7)]]
| colspan="2" | Soluble (15 g/L)
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 159-160 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | 68.5 °C
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Acidity]] (p''Ka'') 
| colspan="2" |pKa 14.23±0.70 Most Acidic
pKa 8.53±0.25 Most Basic
|-
| [[Flash Point]]
| colspan="2" | 166.0±24.6 °C
|-
| [[Enthalpy of Vaporization]]
| colspan="2" | 59.55±3.0 kJ/mol
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

Lignocaine acts by provisionally blocking conduction over the nerve fibers.

When used in concentrations of 2-4% it produces a surface anaesthesia. Commonly injected at 1%, it has a rapid onset and a half life of about 90- 120 minutes.
It is commonly mixed with adrenaline in order to limit the bleeding, thus becoming a good face or scalp anaesthetic.

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T17:15:59Z

Pf205:

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by N.Lofgren and B.Lundqvist in the 1940s, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.
It has found uses also in the treatment of Arrhythmias eg: problems of the electrical system of the heart, causing it to pump less efficiently.
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| Other solvents
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 159-160 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | 68.5 °C
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K'') 
| colspan="2" |?
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| colspan="2" |[[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| colspan="2" |? °C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| colspan="2" | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Related compounds
|-
| Related compounds
| colspan="2" |
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

Lignocaine acts by provisionally blocking conduction over the nerve fibers.

When used in concentrations of 2-4% it produces a surface anaesthesia. Commonly injected at 1%, it has a rapid onset and a half life of about 30 minutes.
It is commonly mixed with adrenaline in order to limit the bleeding, thus becoming a good face or scalp anaesthetic.

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T17:15:29Z

Pf205:

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by N.Lofgren and B.Lundqvist in the 1940s, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.
It has found uses also in the treatment of Arrhythmias eg: problems of the electrical system of the heart, causing it to pump less efficiently.
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| Other solvents
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" | 159-160 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" | 68.5 °C
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K'') 
| colspan="2" |?
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| colspan="2" |[[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| colspan="2" |? °C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| colspan="2" | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Related compounds
|-
| Related compounds
| colspan="2" |
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

Lignocaine acts by provisionally blocking conduction over the nerve fibers.

When used in concentrations of 2-4% it produces a surface anaesthesia. Commonly injected at 1%, it has a rapid onset and a half life of about 30 minutes.
It is commonly mixed with adrenaline in order to limit the bleeding, thus becoming a good face or scalp anaesthetic.

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

It:Methylaluminoxane

2006-10-22T17:12:37Z

Pf205:

Methylaluminoxane, also known as MAO, is mostly used as an important cocatalyst for Ziegler-Natta polymerisations of alkenes.

==Introduction==

==Structure==
The precise structure of Methylaluminoxane is largely unknown as it is not possible to isolate the crystalline sample of this compound.1 Also, NMR studies of this compound is hindered by disproportionation reactions at high temperatures and association in solution yielding a mixture of different oligomers with multiple equilibria.2 The general chemical formula of this compound is (-Al(CH3)O-)n where Oxygen joins two aluminium atoms that still bear a CH3 group.3

==Synthesis==
MAO is generally prepared by partial hydrolysis of trimethylaluminum, TMA. This is done using hydrated salt dispersed in toluene. Depending on the nature of the salt used and the reaction conditions, MAO with widely differing activities as cocatalysts in polymerization of ethylene is formed.3

==Proposed mechanisms for its uses==

===Activating the catalyst===
[[Image:MAOactivator.JPG]]5

It is generally believed that MAO alkylates and then activates the metal-chloride pre-catalyst species, forming an ion pair which should allow ethene insertion.4

[[Image:MAO2.JPG]]1

This equation illustrates the possible role of the product cation as a catalyst in olefin polymerisation

==References==
1.Mason, M. R.; Smith, J. M.; Bott, S. G.; Barron, A. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4971

2.E. Zurek, T. K. Woo, T. K. Firman, T. Ziegler, Inorg. Chem. 2001, 40, 361-370

3.S. Srinivasa Reddy, K. Radhakrishnan, S. Sivaram, Polymer Bulletin. 1996, 36, 165-171

4.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylaluminoxane

5.Sinn, H.; Kaminsky, W.; Vollmer, H. J.; Woldt, R. Angew. Chem. 1980, 92, 396

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T17:01:36Z

Pf205:

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by N.Lofgren and B.Lundqvist in the 1940s, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.
It has found uses also in the treatment of Arrhythmias eg: problems of the electrical system of the heart, causing it to pump less efficiently.
{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Structure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| Other solvents
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K'') 
| colspan="2" |?
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| colspan="2" |[[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| colspan="2" |? °C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| colspan="2" | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Related compounds
|-
| Related compounds
| colspan="2" |
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

Lignocaine acts by provisionally blocking conduction over the nerve fibers.

When used in concentrations of 2-4% it produces a surface anaesthesia. Commonly injected at 1%, it has a rapid onset and a half life of about 30 minutes.
It is commonly mixed with adrenaline in order to limit the bleeding, thus becoming a good face or scalp anaesthetic.

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T16:51:48Z

Pf205: /* Uses */

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by Lofgren and Lundqvist more than half a century ago, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Substructure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| Other solvents
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K'') 
| colspan="2" |?
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| colspan="2" |[[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| colspan="2" |? °C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| colspan="2" | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Related compounds
|-
| Related compounds
| colspan="2" |
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

Lignocaine acts by provisionally blocking conduction over the nerve fibers.

When used in concentrations of 2-4% it produces a surface anaesthesia. Commonly injected at 1%, it has a rapid onset and a half life of about 30 minutes.
It is commonly mixed with adrenaline in order to limit the bleeding, thus becoming a good face or scalp anaesthetic.

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T16:39:58Z

Pf205: /* Lignocaine */

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by Lofgren and Lundqvist more than half a century ago, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Substructure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| Other solvents
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K'') 
| colspan="2" |?
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| colspan="2" |[[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| colspan="2" |? °C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| colspan="2" | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Related compounds
|-
| Related compounds
| colspan="2" |
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

File:Lignocaine.gif

2006-10-22T16:38:42Z

Pf205:

It:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T16:38:17Z

Pf205:

== Lignocaine ==

Lignocaine is a local anaesthetic drug especially used in dentistry. Discovered by Lofgren and Lundqvist more than half a century ago, it has been very successful due to it's low neurotoxicity when compared with other local anaesthetics.

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Substructure of Lignocaine
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Lignocaine.gif|200px{{PAGENAME}}]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |3D structure
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" | <jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 100; cpk off;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>REMARK MSI WebLab Viewer PDB file
REMARK Created: Fri Oct 20 12:51:30 GMT Standard Time 2006
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 16.171 14.259 -0.113 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 15.015 15.193 -0.048 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 16.350 12.740 -0.084 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.631 14.760 0.341 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 O5 MOL 1 15.239 16.388 -0.269 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 17.620 12.369 0.089 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.303 11.593 -0.240 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 N8 MOL 1 12.525 15.630 -0.076 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 18.684 13.420 0.225 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 18.006 10.961 0.175 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 13.855 11.750 -0.564 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 15.713 10.329 -0.151 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 11.298 14.808 0.242 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 12.596 16.947 0.673 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 17.099 9.998 0.079 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 9.983 15.249 -0.446 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.626 18.047 0.168 1.00 0.00
TER
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
| [[CA Index Name]]
| colspan="2"| Acetamide, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)- (9CI)
|-
| [[Commercial Names]]
|colspan="2"| Xylocaine (Astra)
Emla (Astra)
Instillagel (Cliniflex)
Laryng-o-jet (IMS)
|-
| [[Chemical formula|Molecular formula]]
| colspan="2" | C14H22N2O
|-
| [[Molar mass]]
| colspan="2" |234.2 g/mol
|-
| Appearance
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[CAS registry number|CAS number]]
| colspan="2" | 137-58-6
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Properties
|-
| [[Density]] and [[Phase (matter)|phase]]
| colspan="2" | g/cm
|-
| [[Solubility]] in [[Water_(molecule)|water]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| Other solvents
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Melting point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Boiling point]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Acid dissociation constant|Basicity]] (p''K'') 
| colspan="2" |?
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Structure
|-
| [[Crystal structure]] 
| colspan="2"|
|-
| [[Dipole#Molecular_dipoles|Dipole moment]]
| colspan="2" |? [[Debye|D]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Hazards 
|-
| [[Material safety data sheet|MSDS]]
| colspan="2" |[[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Material Safety Data Sheet|External MSDS]] 
|-
| Main [[Worker safety and health|hazard]]s
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[NFPA 704]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[Flash point]]
| colspan="2" |? °C
|-
| [[Risk and Safety Statements|R/S statement]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[RTECS]] number
| colspan="2" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)|Supplementary data page]]
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Structure and properties|Structure and properties]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Thermodynamic properties|Thermodynamic data]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
| [[{{PAGENAME}} (data page)#Spectral data|Spectral data]]
| colspan="2" | [[UV/VIS spectroscopy|UV]], [[Infrared spectroscopy|IR]], [[nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy|NMR]], [[Mass spectrometry|MS]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | Related compounds
|-
| Related compounds
| colspan="2" |
|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

==Synthesis==

==Properties and structure==

==Uses==

==References==
http://www.themediweb.net/pharmacy/Lignocaine.htm

File:Lignocaine

2006-10-22T15:13:05Z

Pf205:

It:Methylaluminoxane

2006-10-22T13:19:57Z

Pf205:

== METHYLALUMINOXANE: ==

Methylaluminoxane, also known as MAO, is mostly used as an important cocatalyst for Ziegler-Natta polymerisations of alkenes.