ChemWiki - User contributions [en]

It:Sertraline

2006-12-08T17:21:23Z

Ot105: /* Controversy surrounding Sertraline */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy that boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. A correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_new_world Brave New World]”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and the drugs severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenage users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for for the illness the useage of sertraline for under age patients has been questioned. The main point of complain being whether the administration of a drug that is not guaranteed to benefit the patient is worth the risk taken by doing so. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

During a recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, the court ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_State_%28film%29 Garden State]” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-08T17:20:43Z

Ot105: /* Controversy surrounding Sertraline */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy that boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. A correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “[http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_new_world Brave New World]”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and the drugs severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenage users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for for the illness the useage of sertraline for under age patients has been questioned. The main point of complain being whether the administration of a drug that is not guaranteed to benefit the patient is worth the risk taken by doing so. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

During a recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, the court ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “[http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_State_%28film%29 Garden State]” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-08T17:15:49Z

Ot105: /* Controversy surrounding Sertraline */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy that boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. A correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “[http://http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_new_worldlink Brave New World]”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and the drugs severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenage users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for for the illness the useage of sertraline for under age patients has been questioned. The main point of complain being whether the administration of a drug that is not guaranteed to benefit the patient is worth the risk taken by doing so. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

During a recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, the court ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-08T17:11:54Z

Ot105: /* Controversy surrounding Sertraline */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy that boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. A correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and the drugs severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenage users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for for the illness the useage of sertraline for under age patients has been questioned. The main point of complain being whether the administration of a drug that is not guaranteed to benefit the patient is worth the risk taken by doing so. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

During a recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, the court ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-08T17:04:02Z

Ot105: /* Controversy surrounding Sertraline */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy that boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. A correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and the drugs severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-08T17:02:55Z

Ot105: /* Controversy surrounding Sertraline */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy that boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. A correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and the drugs severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-08T17:00:04Z

Ot105: /* Controversy surrounding Sertraline */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy that boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. A correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-08T16:58:17Z

Ot105: /* How does Sertraline works */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy that boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-07T18:18:48Z

Ot105: /* References */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

Beilstein

It:Sertraline

2006-12-07T18:16:28Z

Ot105: /* How does Sertraline works */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

picture above: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

It:Sertraline

2006-12-07T18:16:11Z

Ot105: /* How does Sertraline works */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]
picture obaove: Serotonin

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

It:Sertraline

2006-12-07T18:15:12Z

Ot105: /* How does Sertraline works */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

[[Image:serotonin.png]]

'''The Serotonin Hypothesis'''

In the mid-60’s Joseph Schildkraut argued that low concentrations of norepinephrine are linked to depression. Later on research showed that Serotonin was most likely to be the neurotransmitter responsible for depression. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that many recreational drugs such as ecstasy boost the serotonin levels in the brain cause massive euphoria. However, the Hypothesis has never actually been proven, that is mostly due to problems arising during the experiment set up. It is extremely difficult to measure the concentration of neurotransmitters in the human brain. This leads to controversy on whether sertraline is an effective way to deal with depression (=> article below)

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

File:Serotonin.png

2006-12-07T18:08:03Z

Ot105:

It:Sertraline

2006-12-07T18:07:29Z

Ot105: /* How does Sertraline works */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

Sertraline is a so called selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Serotonin itself is a common neurotransmitter found in the brain. Almost all Neurotransmitters work according to a basic principle where they are released by a synapse, captured by a receptor and in doing so transmit the information that was to be submitted. They are than picked up by a transport enzyme that carries them back to the synapse. Certain drugs are designed to interfere with this process at certain points, the most common points of blockage being the receptor and the transport enzyme. Sertraline is designed to bind to the enzyme and therefore render it useless for the reuptake of serotonin. Such a process increases the concentration of neurotransmitters “floating” freely in the brain and hence increases the number of particles binding to the receptors.

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

It:Sertraline

2006-12-07T17:28:54Z

Ot105: /* References */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm

http://www.sciencemag.org/

It:Sertraline

2006-12-07T17:28:22Z

Ot105: /* References */

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

PLoS Medicine, Jeffery R. Lacasse, Jonathan Leo, December 2005, volume 2, issue 12, 1211-1216

[http://www.baumhedlundlaw.com/media/zoloft/Australian%20Zoloft%20Ruling.htm]

[http://www.sciencemag.org/]

It:Sertraline

2006-12-07T16:51:08Z

Ot105:

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| '''Sertraline HCl'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Ser.png]]
|-
| [[Chemical name]]
| ''(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-
1-napthalenamine hydrochloride
''
|-
| [[Other Names]]
| ''1-Naphthalenamine,

4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-,

hydrochloride, (1S-cis)-; (1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-

1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-1-naphthalenamine hydrochloride;

(1S,4S)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-N-methyl-

1-naphthaleneamine hydrochloride;Altruline; Aremis; Atruline;

Cp 51974-1; Dominum; Gladem; Lesefer;

Lustral; Sertraline hydrochloride;

Sosser; Zolof; Zoloft''
|-
| [[CAS nummber]]
| 79559-97-0
|-
| [[Chemical formula]]
| C17H17NCl2 · HCl
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| 342.69 g/mol
|-
| [[Melting Point]]
| 242-248°C
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| [[Image:White.jpg]]

White to off-white crystalline powder[http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none (1)]
|-
| [[Solubility]]
| water = 3.8 mg/ml at 25 °C, pH 5.3

isopropyl alcohol= slightly soluble
|-
| And here is a 3D picture:
|<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 N1 MOL 1 12.358 13.769 1.158 1.00 0.00
ATOM 2 C2 MOL 1 11.184 12.873 1.144 1.00 0.00
ATOM 3 C3 MOL 1 12.647 14.237 -0.207 1.00 0.00
ATOM 4 C4 MOL 1 13.943 15.008 -0.133 1.00 0.00
ATOM 5 C5 MOL 1 11.490 15.092 -0.756 1.00 0.00
ATOM 6 C6 MOL 1 14.002 16.339 -0.234 1.00 0.00
ATOM 7 C7 MOL 1 15.167 14.220 0.078 1.00 0.00
ATOM 8 C8 MOL 1 11.425 16.432 -0.020 1.00 0.00
ATOM 9 C9 MOL 1 12.686 17.189 -0.484 1.00 0.00
ATOM 10 C10 MOL 1 15.340 16.977 -0.134 1.00 0.00
ATOM 11 C11 MOL 1 16.352 14.817 0.169 1.00 0.00
ATOM 12 C12 MOL 1 12.654 18.705 -0.102 1.00 0.00
ATOM 13 C13 MOL 1 16.441 16.255 0.059 1.00 0.00
ATOM 14 C14 MOL 1 13.739 19.484 -0.176 1.00 0.00
ATOM 15 C15 MOL 1 11.372 19.331 0.264 1.00 0.00
ATOM 16 C16 MOL 1 13.672 20.909 0.105 1.00 0.00
ATOM 17 C17 MOL 1 11.303 20.642 0.506 1.00 0.00
ATOM 18 Cl18 MOL 1 15.107 21.867 0.009 1.00 0.00
ATOM 19 C19 MOL 1 12.512 21.471 0.421 1.00 0.00
ATOM 20 Cl20 MOL 1 12.434 23.171 0.726 1.00 0.00
ATOM 21 Cl21 MOL 1 13.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
ATOM 22 H44 MOL 1 12.168 14.556 1.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 23 H46 MOL 1 10.994 12.558 2.074 1.00 0.00
ATOM 24 H48 MOL 1 11.373 12.084 0.558 1.00 0.00
ATOM 25 H50 MOL 1 10.391 13.368 0.791 1.00 0.00
ATOM 26 H52 MOL 1 12.738 13.470 -0.842 1.00 0.00
ATOM 27 H54 MOL 1 11.636 15.258 -1.731 1.00 0.00
ATOM 28 H56 MOL 1 10.627 14.603 -0.626 1.00 0.00
ATOM 29 H58 MOL 1 15.107 13.225 0.155 1.00 0.00
ATOM 30 H60 MOL 1 10.599 16.935 -0.273 1.00 0.00
ATOM 31 H62 MOL 1 11.441 16.293 0.970 1.00 0.00
ATOM 32 H64 MOL 1 12.699 17.270 -1.481 1.00 0.00
ATOM 33 H66 MOL 1 15.414 17.971 -0.213 1.00 0.00
ATOM 34 H68 MOL 1 17.178 14.272 0.312 1.00 0.00
ATOM 35 H70 MOL 1 17.330 16.708 0.128 1.00 0.00
ATOM 36 H72 MOL 1 14.616 19.078 -0.430 1.00 0.00
ATOM 37 H74 MOL 1 10.547 18.770 0.332 1.00 0.00
ATOM 38 H76 MOL 1 10.427 21.061 0.745 1.00 0.00
ATOM 39 H78 MOL 1 14.941 10.213 -0.010 1.00 0.00
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
|}

==Invention==
[[Image:Zoloft_logo.png]]

Two scientists at Pfizer developed Sertraline: Steve Werner and Billy Dzoma.
This drug is manufactured by Pfixer and sold as Zoloft in United States and it sold as Lustral in United Kingdom. In India, this drug is sold under the name of Zosert. Sertraline is a white crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol, and sparingly soluble in ethanol.

'''Sertraline''' is a pharmaceutical agent for treatment, it is a class of drugs called SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors).

It helps to improve a depressed person's mood. Sertraline can also help people with an obsessive compulsive disorder, panic attacks, post-trauma stress, or social anxiety. Sertraline may also be prescribed for other purposes, like premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a severe type of premenstrual syndrome.The leading theory is that drugs such as sertraline restore the chemical balance among neurotransmitters in the brain. Sertraline was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December, 1991.

==How does Sertraline works==

Imbalance in the brain can cause depressive and anxiety symptoms. Neurotransmitters are the disturbance in the brain’s chemical messengers. Sertraline acts on the neurotransmitter serotonin, allowing the electrical messages to be process more efficiently and smoothly, which can helps relive symptons of depression.

==Synthesis of Sertraline==
[[Image:sertralineabs.png]]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 This_synthesis_of_sertraline_is_an_efficient_enantioselective_reaction.]

[[Image:Sertralinesy.png]]

[[Image:Condition.PNG]]

==Side effects of Sertraline==

• Sleepiness

• Nervousness,

• Insomnia,

• Dizziness

• Nausea

• Tremoe

• Skin rash

• Upset stomach

• Loss of appetite

• Headache

• Diarrhea

• Abnormal ejacultion

• Intestinal gas

• Dry mouth

• Weight loss

• Irregular heartbeats

• Allergic reactions

• Activation of mania in patients with bipolar disorder

• Sexual difficulties (decreased sexual ability or desire)

==Controversy surrounding Sertraline==

The brain is the most complicated of all human organs. To this day its function and mechanisms are far from clear and well understood by even the most brilliant scientists. Consequently illness and disease believed to be linked to brain disfunction is not easily cured. The sheer complexity of not only the organ itself but the psychology that is believed to be linked to it opens up a wide variety of reasons for any one malfunction that may be observed.
Depression is one of the most common diseases of the 21st century and its causes spread over a wide variety of internal and external factors. Its symptoms are very ambiguous since they relate to feelings rather than physically observable qualities. Furthermore the differences in severity of the condition depend on the severity of the symptoms experienced and are hence hard for the attending doctor to determine. I correct diagnosis is therefore very complicated.
Sertraline and its function in the brain provide a scientifically reasonable way of treating depression given that the condition has its roots in a chemical imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain (as discussed above). However, research shows that with most patients that is not the case. As common sense would suggest rather than depression being caused by the relatively rare serotonine imbalance it would be much more sensible to blame factors such as stress and unhappiness caused by family, relationships, work situation and the environment.
Due to the massive quantities of antidepressants sold worldwide the money put back into advertising is of a considerable quantity (3.5 billion $ worth of Zoloft were sold in 2005 alone). People suffering from depression are therefore confronted with very picturesque adverts of rather small informational value and big emotional appeal every day.

[[Image:zoloft2.jpg]]

These adverts promise the solution to all problems the patient believes to be facing in one pill. In hectic times like experienced by most people in the 21st century sertraline containing antidepressants are a cheap and more importantly time saving method of controlling depression. A, perhaps, more helpful visit to the psychiatrist or therapist is of course more time intensive than swallowing a pill for breakfast.
That, although a moral dilemma displaying strong parallels to Aldous Huxleys novel “Brave New World”, would be an acceptable method of treatment if it wasn’t for sertralines limited ability to treat depression not caused by serotonine imbalance and its severe side effects.
Should the cause of depression have a more psychological rather than physical cause, such as stress, drugs such as Zoloft are unable to provide any help aside from maybe a placebo effect.
That given, the advert displayed above may even be called misleading. Showing a mother taking care of a young child, whilst having to deal with her job and all the other things she used to do before having the child would lead to the conclusion that her most likely cause of depression is stress, in which case Zoloft is not going to be helpful. The marketing strategy for antidepressants seems to attach an “ultimate happy pill” image to the drug, which of course is a fairly far fetched statement. Furthermore one can’t help but associate such pills with recreational drugs such as ecstasy and cocaine, which have been know to be referred to as happy pills/powder. That displays another ethic problem further compounded by the fact that depression is rather easy to fake, as shown through trails involving pseudopatients (patients played by actors).
On top of facing protests regarding misleading presentation and withholding of information drug companies are facing an even bigger thread from studies claiming that sertraline increases suicide rates under its teenager users. Especially since teenage depression may be caused by hormonal changes and does therefore display an even wider spread of triggers for depression, which raises the question whether such a big risk is acceptable for a drug that won’t even work for most patients. The graphic below illustrates the controversial nature of the Zoloft.

[[Image:zoloft controversial.jpg]]

A recent case in Australia, where a man on a Zoloft prescription killed his wife, ruled the man not responsible for his crimes while under influence of the drug. The defence argued that the mans character was deformed by the sertralin.
Another popular example of character alternation due to prescribed drugs is displayed in the movie “Garden State” where the main character faces challenges living life due mood stabilizers.

==NMR==

[[image:sertralinenmr.JPG]]

==References==
[http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html http://www.drugdigest.org/DD/DVH/Uses/0,3915,606%7CZoloft,00.html]

[http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001 http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/orlef7/1999/1/i02/html/ol990608g.html#ol990608gb00001]

[http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/phar/SERTRALINE.htm]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sertraline#_note-0]

http://www.ecplaza.net/tradeleads/seller/4125694/sertraline.html#none

[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/110575254/PDFSTART NMR data]

File:Zoloft controversial.jpg

2006-12-07T16:47:04Z

Ot105:

File:Zoloft2.jpg

2006-12-07T16:46:01Z

Ot105: