<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Alpha-tocopherol.JPG|200px|thumb|α-Tocopherol|center]] 

{|border="1" cellspacing="0" cell padding="5" align"center"
!<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 80; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 07-Dec-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 07-Dec-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 C 0 8.415 1.036 1.055 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 7.317 0.137 0.550 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 6.108 0.683 0.152 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 5.098 -0.133 -0.322 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 O 0 3.896 0.322 -0.750 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 6 C 0 3.579 1.558 -0.127 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 3.528 1.369 1.390 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 C 0 2.219 2.049 -0.628 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 9 C 0 1.127 1.077 -0.175 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 10 C 0 -0.232 1.569 -0.676 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -1.324 0.597 -0.224 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -1.277 0.476 0.859 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -1.110 -0.760 -0.898 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 C 0 -2.695 1.151 -0.616 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -3.792 0.243 -0.055 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 C 0 -5.163 0.798 -0.448 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -6.259 -0.110 0.113 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 H 0 -6.126 -0.219 1.189 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 C 0 -6.173 -1.485 -0.553 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 20 C 0 -7.629 0.509 -0.172 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 21 C 0 -8.718 -0.333 0.496 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 22 C 0 -10.088 0.286 0.211 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 C 0 -11.177 -0.556 0.879 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 24 C 0 -12.533 0.130 0.700 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 C 0 -11.217 -1.942 0.233 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 26 C 0 4.661 2.588 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 5.935 2.179 0.268 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 5.310 -1.511 -0.381 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 C 0 4.213 -2.413 -0.887 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 30 C 0 6.511 -2.056 0.019 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 31 C 0 6.723 -3.546 -0.051 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 32 C 0 7.525 -1.231 0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 O 0 8.714 -1.762 0.872 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 34 H 0 8.320 1.154 2.135 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 H 0 9.383 0.594 0.822 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 36 H 0 8.336 2.012 0.575 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 4.498 1.022 1.746 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 H 0 3.284 2.318 1.867 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 39 H 0 2.765 0.631 1.639 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 2.017 3.039 -0.218 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 H 0 2.230 2.102 -1.716 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 42 H 0 1.330 0.088 -0.585 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 43 H 0 1.116 1.024 0.913 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 -0.434 2.558 -0.266 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 -0.221 1.621 -1.765 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 H 0 -1.157 -0.639 -1.980 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 47 H 0 -0.134 -1.155 -0.619 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 -1.888 -1.452 -0.576 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 -2.811 2.155 -0.208 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 50 H 0 -2.774 1.189 -1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 51 H 0 -3.675 -0.761 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 52 H 0 -3.712 0.206 1.031 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 53 H 0 -5.279 1.802 -0.040 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 54 H 0 -5.242 0.835 -1.534 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 55 H 0 -6.306 -1.377 -1.629 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 56 H 0 -5.197 -1.926 -0.350 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 57 H 0 -6.954 -2.132 -0.154 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 58 H 0 -7.659 1.523 0.226 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 59 H 0 -7.799 0.536 -1.248 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 60 H 0 -8.688 -1.347 0.098 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 61 H 0 -8.548 -0.360 1.572 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 62 H 0 -10.118 1.301 0.609 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 63 H 0 -10.258 0.313 -0.865 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 64 H 0 -10.958 -0.657 1.942 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 65 H 0 -12.752 0.231 -0.363 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 66 H 0 -13.309 -0.470 1.176 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 67 H 0 -12.504 1.118 1.161 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 68 H 0 -11.437 -1.841 -0.830 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 69 H 0 -10.251 -2.431 0.360 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 70 H 0 -11.993 -2.542 0.708 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 71 H 0 4.843 2.581 -1.554 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 72 H 0 4.345 3.581 -0.161 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 73 H 0 5.847 2.456 1.319 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 74 H 0 6.795 2.682 -0.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 75 H 0 4.312 -2.534 -1.966 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 76 H 0 4.292 -3.387 -0.403 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 77 H 0 3.244 -1.971 -0.658 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 78 H 0 7.137 -3.809 -1.025 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 79 H 0 7.417 -3.852 0.732 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 80 H 0 5.770 -4.056 0.088 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 81 H 0 9.281 -1.786 0.089 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 34 35 36 NONE 86
CONECT 2 1 32 3 0 NONE 87
CONECT 3 2 27 4 0 NONE 88
CONECT 4 3 5 28 0 NONE 89
CONECT 5 4 6 0 0 NONE 90
CONECT 6 5 7 8 26 NONE 91
CONECT 7 6 37 38 39 NONE 92
CONECT 8 6 9 40 41 NONE 93
CONECT 9 8 10 42 43 NONE 94
CONECT 10 9 11 44 45 NONE 95
CONECT 11 10 12 13 14 NONE 96
CONECT 13 11 46 47 48 NONE 97
CONECT 14 11 15 49 50 NONE 98
CONECT 15 14 16 51 52 NONE 99
CONECT 16 15 17 53 54 NONE 100
CONECT 17 16 18 19 20 NONE 101
CONECT 19 17 55 56 57 NONE 102
CONECT 20 17 21 58 59 NONE 103
CONECT 21 20 22 60 61 NONE 104
CONECT 22 21 23 62 63 NONE 105
CONECT 23 22 24 25 64 NONE 106
CONECT 24 23 65 66 67 NONE 107
CONECT 25 23 68 69 70 NONE 108
CONECT 26 6 27 71 72 NONE 109
CONECT 27 26 3 73 74 NONE 110
CONECT 28 4 29 30 0 NONE 111
CONECT 29 28 75 76 77 NONE 112
CONECT 30 28 31 32 0 NONE 113
CONECT 31 30 78 79 80 NONE 114
CONECT 32 30 2 33 0 NONE 115
CONECT 33 32 81 0 0 NONE 116
END NONE 117
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|}

|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| Systematic name
| (R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol
|-
| Chemical Formula
| C29H50O2
|-
| CAS number
| 59-02-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| Melting Point
| 2.5-3.5°C
|-
| Boiling Point
| 200-220°C
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

== '''VITAMIN E''' ==

Natural vitamin E has ''eight isomers''; four of which are ''tocopherols'' and the other four ''tocotrienol'', and they themselves have an ''alpha, beta, gamma and delta'' form (determined by the number of methyl groups on the chromanol ring). The most important Vitamin E is the alpha-tocopherol shown on the right. All isomers possess chromanol ring, which has a hydroxyl group that donates a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and hydrophobic side chain allowing penetration into organic membranes.

== '''Importance/Functions of Vitamin E''' ==

Vitamin E like all vitamins is must have for growth and health, but in small amounts, obtained from your diet. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects living cells against oxidation reactions of free radicals (by-products of energy metabolism) that causes harmful effects such as cancer. It is also required for the proper function of nerves and muscles.

There are some conditions that might increase your need for vitamin E intake:

*Intenstine disease
*Liver disease
*Pancreas disease
*Removed stomatch on operation

== '''Sources of Vitamin E''' ==

Some examples of vitamin E rich sources:

*Wheat germ oil (215.4mg/100g)
*Sunflower oil (55.8mg/100g)
*Hazelnut (26.0mg/100g)
*Walnut oil (20.0mg/100g)
*Peanut oil (17.2mg/100g)
*Soybean oil (14.6mg/100g)
*Olive oil (12.0mg/100g)

== '''Mechanism of Antioxidation''' ==

[[Image:Mechanism.JPG|center]]

2006-12-07T20:03:42Z

Ma705:

<noinclude>

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 280px"
! {{chembox header}} | {{PAGENAME}} 
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Image:Alpha-tocopherol.JPG|200px|{{PAGENAME}}]] 

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 80; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 07-Dec-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 07-Dec-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 C 0 8.415 1.036 1.055 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 7.317 0.137 0.550 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 6.108 0.683 0.152 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 5.098 -0.133 -0.322 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 O 0 3.896 0.322 -0.750 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 6 C 0 3.579 1.558 -0.127 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 3.528 1.369 1.390 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 C 0 2.219 2.049 -0.628 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 9 C 0 1.127 1.077 -0.175 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 10 C 0 -0.232 1.569 -0.676 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -1.324 0.597 -0.224 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 H 0 -1.277 0.476 0.859 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 13 C 0 -1.110 -0.760 -0.898 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 14 C 0 -2.695 1.151 -0.616 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 15 C 0 -3.792 0.243 -0.055 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 C 0 -5.163 0.798 -0.448 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 17 C 0 -6.259 -0.110 0.113 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 18 H 0 -6.126 -0.219 1.189 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 C 0 -6.173 -1.485 -0.553 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 20 C 0 -7.629 0.509 -0.172 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 21 C 0 -8.718 -0.333 0.496 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 22 C 0 -10.088 0.286 0.211 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 23 C 0 -11.177 -0.556 0.879 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 24 C 0 -12.533 0.130 0.700 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 C 0 -11.217 -1.942 0.233 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 26 C 0 4.661 2.588 -0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 27 C 0 5.935 2.179 0.268 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 28 C 0 5.310 -1.511 -0.381 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 29 C 0 4.213 -2.413 -0.887 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 30 C 0 6.511 -2.056 0.019 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 31 C 0 6.723 -3.546 -0.051 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 32 C 0 7.525 -1.231 0.480 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 33 O 0 8.714 -1.762 0.872 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 34 H 0 8.320 1.154 2.135 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 H 0 9.383 0.594 0.822 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 36 H 0 8.336 2.012 0.575 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 4.498 1.022 1.746 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 H 0 3.284 2.318 1.867 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 39 H 0 2.765 0.631 1.639 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 2.017 3.039 -0.218 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 H 0 2.230 2.102 -1.716 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 42 H 0 1.330 0.088 -0.585 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 43 H 0 1.116 1.024 0.913 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 -0.434 2.558 -0.266 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 -0.221 1.621 -1.765 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 H 0 -1.157 -0.639 -1.980 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 47 H 0 -0.134 -1.155 -0.619 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 -1.888 -1.452 -0.576 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 -2.811 2.155 -0.208 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 50 H 0 -2.774 1.189 -1.702 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 51 H 0 -3.675 -0.761 -0.463 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 52 H 0 -3.712 0.206 1.031 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 53 H 0 -5.279 1.802 -0.040 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 54 H 0 -5.242 0.835 -1.534 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 55 H 0 -6.306 -1.377 -1.629 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 56 H 0 -5.197 -1.926 -0.350 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 57 H 0 -6.954 -2.132 -0.154 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 58 H 0 -7.659 1.523 0.226 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 59 H 0 -7.799 0.536 -1.248 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 60 H 0 -8.688 -1.347 0.098 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 61 H 0 -8.548 -0.360 1.572 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 62 H 0 -10.118 1.301 0.609 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 63 H 0 -10.258 0.313 -0.865 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 64 H 0 -10.958 -0.657 1.942 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 65 H 0 -12.752 0.231 -0.363 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 66 H 0 -13.309 -0.470 1.176 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 67 H 0 -12.504 1.118 1.161 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 68 H 0 -11.437 -1.841 -0.830 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 69 H 0 -10.251 -2.431 0.360 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 70 H 0 -11.993 -2.542 0.708 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 71 H 0 4.843 2.581 -1.554 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 72 H 0 4.345 3.581 -0.161 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 73 H 0 5.847 2.456 1.319 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 74 H 0 6.795 2.682 -0.174 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 75 H 0 4.312 -2.534 -1.966 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 76 H 0 4.292 -3.387 -0.403 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 77 H 0 3.244 -1.971 -0.658 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 78 H 0 7.137 -3.809 -1.025 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 79 H 0 7.417 -3.852 0.732 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 80 H 0 5.770 -4.056 0.088 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 81 H 0 9.281 -1.786 0.089 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 34 35 36 NONE 86
CONECT 2 1 32 3 0 NONE 87
CONECT 3 2 27 4 0 NONE 88
CONECT 4 3 5 28 0 NONE 89
CONECT 5 4 6 0 0 NONE 90
CONECT 6 5 7 8 26 NONE 91
CONECT 7 6 37 38 39 NONE 92
CONECT 8 6 9 40 41 NONE 93
CONECT 9 8 10 42 43 NONE 94
CONECT 10 9 11 44 45 NONE 95
CONECT 11 10 12 13 14 NONE 96
CONECT 13 11 46 47 48 NONE 97
CONECT 14 11 15 49 50 NONE 98
CONECT 15 14 16 51 52 NONE 99
CONECT 16 15 17 53 54 NONE 100
CONECT 17 16 18 19 20 NONE 101
CONECT 19 17 55 56 57 NONE 102
CONECT 20 17 21 58 59 NONE 103
CONECT 21 20 22 60 61 NONE 104
CONECT 22 21 23 62 63 NONE 105
CONECT 23 22 24 25 64 NONE 106
CONECT 24 23 65 66 67 NONE 107
CONECT 25 23 68 69 70 NONE 108
CONECT 26 6 27 71 72 NONE 109
CONECT 27 26 3 73 74 NONE 110
CONECT 28 4 29 30 0 NONE 111
CONECT 29 28 75 76 77 NONE 112
CONECT 30 28 31 32 0 NONE 113
CONECT 31 30 78 79 80 NONE 114
CONECT 32 30 2 33 0 NONE 115
CONECT 33 32 81 0 0 NONE 116
END NONE 117
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-
| Systematic name
| (R)-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-((4R,8R)-4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)chroman-6-ol
|-
| Chemical Formula
| C29H50O2
|-
| CAS number
| 59-02-9
|-
! {{chembox header}} | Properties
|-
| Melting Point
| 2.5-3.5°C
|-
| Boiling Point
| 200-220°C
|-
| {{chembox header}} | Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their [[standard state|standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]] [[wikipedia:Chemical infobox|Infobox disclaimer and references]]
|-
|}

It:Vitamin E

2006-12-07T20:00:33Z

Ma705:

File:Alpha-tocopherol.JPG

2006-12-07T19:45:46Z

Ma705:

It:projects

2006-12-07T19:42:47Z

Ma705: /* Supplemental Project Page */

__FORCETOC__

'''''You MUST use the Edit buttons on the right to edit this content. Do NOT use the Edit button on the top of this page.'''''
== Sandbox (Play-Pen) ==

This is an area where you can play without worrying what you do. Enter it by pressing the [Edit] button '''on the right''' and '''not''' at the top. Go here for a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cheatsheet ''cheat sheet''] summary of how to create a Wiki page. It's a free-for-all in here! Learn how to use a Wiki by coming here! PS This is how to do Greek: Α, α, β Δ, δ
Try copying/pasting some of the [http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/it/lab1.html examples in the course work] into this page. See the effect by selecting '''Show Preview'''. No not use '''Save Page''' so as to leave this area uncluttered for others.
----
{|
|NEW: This demonstrates the use of Jmol loading discrete molecule files (rather than having to paste them into the wiki page). Upload the molecule file, and invoke it as shown here. Use it for eg loading large proteins etc. Sorry about the delay in getting this working, but the cause was pretty unobvious.--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 16:07, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
<center><jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Pentahelicene</title><color>yellow</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Pentahelicene.mol</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>
<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
<menuHeight>-1</menuHeight>
</jmolMenu>
<jmolButton>
<script>console</script>
<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol></center>
-----
<center><jmol><jmolAppletButton><title>Show Pentahelicene in popup window</title><color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Pentahelicene.mol</uploadedFileContents></jmolAppletButton>
</jmol></center>

== Main Project Page ==
'''Please do not edit this page itself'''. Click on one of the titles to start editing.
{| summary="CIT Project Titles" border="1"
! bgcolor="cyan" |Project Number
! bgcolor="cyan" |General Keywords
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |01
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lignocaine|Lignocaine (used in dentistry as a "local")]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |02
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Piperine|Piperine (active ingredient of both black and white pepper)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |03
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Rapamycin|Rapamycin (prevents transplant rejection)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |04
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Gossypol|Gossypol (male birth control)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |05
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gentamycin|Gentamicin A (aminoglycoside antibiotic)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |06
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Herceptin|Herceptin (topical anticancer drug)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |07
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gingerone|Zingerone (the characteristic smell of ginger)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |08
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Sucralose|Sucralose (non-metabolizable sweetening agent)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |09
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Bufotoxin|Bufotoxin (active component of the toad ''Bufo vulgaris'')]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |10
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Roaccutane|Roaccutane (treatment for severe acne)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |11
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Sibutramine|Sibutramine (appetite suppresor)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |12
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Anandamide|Anandamide (the "feel-good" factor in chocolate)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |13
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:h3nbh3|Ammonia-borane: H3N-BH3 (Hydrogen storage molecule?)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |14
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Methoxsalen|Methoxsalen (Treatment of psoriasis)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |15
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Hycocine|Hyoscine (From Mandrake and Witches Henbane, pre-med before surgery)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |16
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Capreomycin|Capreomycin (Drug-resistant TB)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |17
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:wilkinson|Wilkinson's catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |18
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Jacobsen|Jacobsen's epoxidation catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |19
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Methylaluminoxane|Methylaluminoxane: MAO - hugely important ethylene polymerisation cocatalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |20
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Schwartz|Schwartz reagent for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |21
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Schrock|Schrock metathesis catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |22
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:knots|Molecular-scale knots (nanoscale devices)]]
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|bgcolor="#CCFF00" |23
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Ma705:

== '''POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE''' ==

Polydimethylsiloxane is based on the repeat unit [(CH3)2SiO], is the most common silicon-based polymer industrially, with wide range of applications, e.g. adhesives, surfactants, lubricants, sealants etc. They are known mostly because of their special flow and deformation properties.
The overall reaction for the synthesis of polydimethylsiloxane is:

<center>'''n[Si(CH3)2Cl2] + n[H2O] → [Si(CH3)2O]n + 2nHCl'''</center>

== '''Name, Structure and Properties''' ==

</noinclude>{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: left; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; width: 300px"
! {{chembox header}} | Polydimethylsiloxane
|-
| Synonyms
| PDMS, Dimethylpolysiloxane
|-
| Chemical Formula
| (CH3)3SiO[SiO(CH3)2]nSi(CH3)
|-
| CAS Number
| 63148-62-9
|-
|}

[[Image:PDMS.JPG|thumb|left|Polydimethylsiloxane]]

<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 80; bns on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER NONAME 04-Dec-06 NONE 1
TITLE NONE 2
AUTHOR WWW daemon apache NONE 3
REVDAT 1 04-Dec-06 0 NONE 4
ATOM 1 C 0 -4.572 2.708 -0.057 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 Si 0 -5.296 1.008 0.180 0.00 0.00 Si+0
ATOM 3 C 0 -5.141 0.511 1.968 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -7.095 1.026 -0.306 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 O 0 -4.492 -0.060 -0.754 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 6 Si 0 -3.044 -0.307 -0.046 0.00 0.00 Si+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -2.448 1.282 0.722 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 C 0 -3.212 -1.611 1.275 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 9 O 0 -1.969 -0.805 -1.167 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 10 Si 0 -0.750 -1.531 -0.362 0.00 0.00 Si+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -0.422 -0.614 1.226 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 C 0 -1.223 -3.292 0.024 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 13 O 0 0.595 -1.519 -1.285 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 14 Si 0 1.214 -0.013 -1.196 0.00 0.00 Si+0
ATOM 15 C 0 2.578 0.173 -2.450 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 16 C 0 -0.127 1.231 -1.548 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 17 O 0 1.812 0.241 0.300 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 18 Si 0 3.086 -0.762 0.475 0.00 0.00 Si+0
ATOM 19 C 0 3.589 -0.821 2.268 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 20 C 0 2.613 -2.472 -0.094 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 21 O 0 4.335 -0.217 -0.422 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 22 Si 0 4.835 1.176 0.264 0.00 0.00 Si+0
ATOM 23 C 0 5.965 0.793 1.695 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 24 C 0 5.754 2.194 -0.997 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 25 C 0 3.358 2.131 0.877 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 26 H 0 -3.619 2.773 0.467 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 27 H 0 -4.416 2.892 -1.120 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 28 H 0 -5.258 3.455 0.344 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 29 H 0 -5.831 1.101 2.571 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 30 H 0 -5.381 -0.548 2.073 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 31 H 0 -4.120 0.687 2.307 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 32 H 0 -7.186 1.318 -1.352 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 33 H 0 -7.519 0.032 -0.167 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 34 H 0 -7.633 1.740 0.318 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 35 H 0 -3.195 1.647 1.427 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 36 H 0 -1.510 1.103 1.247 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 37 H 0 -2.291 2.026 -0.058 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 38 H 0 -3.603 -2.527 0.833 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 39 H 0 -2.236 -1.808 1.717 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 40 H 0 -3.896 -1.259 2.047 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 41 H 0 -1.314 -0.640 1.852 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 42 H 0 0.406 -1.088 1.755 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 43 H 0 -0.165 0.421 1.002 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 44 H 0 -1.339 -3.849 -0.906 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 45 H 0 -0.442 -3.753 0.629 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 46 H 0 -2.163 -3.303 0.574 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 47 H 0 2.163 0.085 -3.454 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 48 H 0 3.047 1.150 -2.335 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 49 H 0 3.323 -0.608 -2.296 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 50 H 0 -0.961 1.071 -0.864 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 51 H 0 0.267 2.238 -1.410 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 52 H 0 -0.472 1.113 -2.575 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 53 H 0 2.789 -1.273 2.854 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 54 H 0 4.496 -1.416 2.371 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 55 H 0 3.775 0.191 2.627 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 56 H 0 2.433 -2.460 -1.169 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 57 H 0 3.422 -3.167 0.131 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 58 H 0 1.707 -2.789 0.422 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 59 H 0 6.782 0.158 1.353 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 60 H 0 6.369 1.722 2.097 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 61 H 0 5.403 0.274 2.472 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 62 H 0 5.127 2.333 -1.878 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 63 H 0 6.000 3.166 -0.570 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 64 H 0 6.671 1.679 -1.281 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 65 H 0 2.853 1.560 1.656 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 66 H 0 3.687 3.087 1.284 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 67 H 0 2.670 2.306 0.050 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 26 27 28 NONE 72
CONECT 2 1 3 4 5 NONE 73
CONECT 3 2 29 30 31 NONE 74
CONECT 4 2 32 33 34 NONE 75
CONECT 5 2 6 0 0 NONE 76
CONECT 6 5 7 8 9 NONE 77
CONECT 7 6 35 36 37 NONE 78
CONECT 8 6 38 39 40 NONE 79
CONECT 9 6 10 0 0 NONE 80
CONECT 10 9 11 12 13 NONE 81
CONECT 11 10 41 42 43 NONE 82
CONECT 12 10 44 45 46 NONE 83
CONECT 13 10 14 0 0 NONE 84
CONECT 14 13 15 16 17 NONE 85
CONECT 15 14 47 48 49 NONE 86
CONECT 16 14 50 51 52 NONE 87
CONECT 17 14 18 0 0 NONE 88
CONECT 18 17 19 20 21 NONE 89
CONECT 19 18 53 54 55 NONE 90
CONECT 20 18 56 57 58 NONE 91
CONECT 21 18 22 0 0 NONE 92
CONECT 22 21 23 24 25 NONE 93
CONECT 23 22 59 60 61 NONE 94
CONECT 24 22 62 63 64 NONE 95
CONECT 25 22 65 66 67 NONE 96
END NONE 97
</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>

'''General Properties'''
*Resistance to heat, chemical attack, water and air (due to strong Si-C, C-H and Si-O bonds)
*Low toxicity
*Non-flammable
*Low surface tension
*High permeability
*High compressibility
*Viscoelastic (at high temperatures or long flow times it acts like a viscous liquid and at low temperatures or short flow times it acts like an elastic solid)

'''Physical Properties of Linear Polydimethylsiloxane'''

{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#efefef"
![[Compound]]a
![[Refractive Index]] (n25D)
![[Density]] at 25°C, g/ml
![[Viscosity]] at 25°C, cs
|-
|MM
|1.3748
|0.7619
|0.65
|-
|MDM
|1.3822
|0.8200
|1.04
|-
|MD2M
|1.3872
|0.8536
|1.53
|-
|MD3M
|1.3902
|0.8755
|2.06
|-
|MD4M
|1.3922
|0.8910
|2.63
|-
|MD5M
|1.3940
|0.911
|3.24
|-
|MD6M
|1.3952
|0.913
|3.88
|-
|MD7M
|1.3959
|0.9134
|4.46
|-
|MD8M
|1.3965
|0.9191
|__
|-
|MD9M
|1.3971
|0.9233
|5.94
|-
|MD10M
|1.3977
|0.9245
|__
|-
|MD11M
|1.3980
|0.9305
|7.48
|-
|MD12M
|1.3985
|0.9330
|__
|-
|MD13M
|1.3989
|0.9335
|9.25
|-
|MD14M
|1.3991
|0.9386
|__
|-
|MD15M
|1.3995
|0.9406
|10.60
|-
|MD16M
|1.3996
|0.9424
|__
|-
|MD17M
|1.3998
|0.9441
|12.24
|-
|MD18M
|1.4000
|0.9452
|__
|-
|MD19M
|1.4002
|0.9479
|13.78
|-
|MD22M
|1.4039
|0.9731
|__
|-
|MD29M
|1.4035
|0.9726
|__
|-
|}
a M = Me3SiO1/2; D = Me2SiO.

'''Flexibility and Permeability''' 

'''Flexibility:''' PDMS is one of the most flexible chain molecules known, both in the dynamic sense and in the equilibrium sense. Dynamic flexibility is to do with a molecule's ability to change spatial arrangements by rotations around its skeletal bonds. The higher the dynamic flexibility, the more it can be cooled before the chains lose their mobility and flexibility and become glassy. Therefore chains with high dynamic flexibility have very low glass transition temperatures, Tg. If a polymer is exposed to a temperature below Tg, it become brittle, therefore, low values of Tg can be highly useful, especially in fluids and elastomers.

The Tg of PDMS, ~ - 125°C, is the lowest recorded value for common polymers. There are two reasons for this dynamic flexibility. One reason is the very long Si-O skeletal bond, and also the fact that the oxygen skeletal atoms are unhindered by the side groups, the oxygen atoms are as small as an atom can be and still have the multi-valency required to continue the chain structure. Additionally, the Si-O-Si bond angle of ~143°C is much greater than the usual tetrahedral bonding of ~110°. This bond angle has a very high deformability. These characteristics also increase the equilibrium flexibility, which is the ability of a chain to be compact when in the form of a random coil. The equilibrium flexibility has an important efect on the melting point Tm. The very low Tm (-40°C) of PDMS is because of this high equilibrium flexibility.

'''Permeability:''' PDMS like with other siloxane polymers have much higher permeability to gases than most other elastomeric materials. Thus, for a long time they have been used as gas separation membranes. Soft contact are made from PDMS. The oxygen needed by the eye must be obtained by inward diffusion from the air rather than through blood vessels. The high oxygen permeability makes PDMS ideal for soft contact lenses, but it is too hydrophobic to be adequately moistened by the tears covering the eye.

== '''Spectras''' ==

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
![[Image:Infrared.JPG|thumb|IR Spectrum of PDMS]]
![[Image:NMR.JPG|thumb|1H NMR Spectrum of PDMS]]
![[Image:Mass.JPG|thumb|EI Mass Spectrum of PDMS]]
|}

== '''Applications''' ==

'''Medical:'''
There are many medical uses of polydimethylsiloxane. Artificial organs, prosthesis, for example, make use of inertness, stability and flexibility of polydimethylsiloxane. Artificial skin, contact lenses and drug delivery systems also make use of their high permeability.

'''Non-Medical:'''
High-performance elastomers, membranes, electrical insulators, water repellents, anti-foaming agents, mold-release agents, adhesives, protective coatings, release control agents for agricultural chemicals, encapsulation media, dielectric fluids are all examples. They are based on the properties just mentioned and also their ability to alter surfaces and interfaces (e.g. water repellents, anti-foaming agents and mold-release agents).

== '''References''' ==
# Smith, A.L. (1974). Analysis of Silicones. Chemical Analysis Vol.41.
# Clarson S.J., Fitzgerald J.J., Owen M.J. and Smith S.D. Silicones and Silicone-Modified Materials. ACS Symposium Series 729.