ChemWiki - User contributions [en]

It:projects

2006-12-07T11:56:44Z

Ajpc05: /* Supplemental Project Page */

__FORCETOC__

'''''You MUST use the Edit buttons on the right to edit this content. Do NOT use the Edit button on the top of this page.'''''
== Sandbox (Play-Pen) ==

This is an area where you can play without worrying what you do. Enter it by pressing the [Edit] button '''on the right''' and '''not''' at the top. Go here for a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cheatsheet ''cheat sheet''] summary of how to create a Wiki page. It's a free-for-all in here! Learn how to use a Wiki by coming here! PS This is how to do Greek: Α, α, β Δ, δ
Try copying/pasting some of the [http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/it/lab1.html examples in the course work] into this page. See the effect by selecting '''Show Preview'''. No not use '''Save Page''' so as to leave this area uncluttered for others.
----
{|
|NEW: This demonstrates the use of Jmol loading discrete molecule files (rather than having to paste them into the wiki page). Upload the molecule file, and invoke it as shown here. Use it for eg loading large proteins etc. Sorry about the delay in getting this working, but the cause was pretty unobvious.--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 16:07, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
<center><jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Pentahelicene</title><color>yellow</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Pentahelicene.mol</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>
<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
<menuHeight>-1</menuHeight>
</jmolMenu>
<jmolButton>
<script>console</script>
<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol></center>
-----
<center><jmol><jmolAppletButton><title>Show Pentahelicene in popup window</title><color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Pentahelicene.mol</uploadedFileContents></jmolAppletButton>
</jmol></center>

== Main Project Page ==
'''Please do not edit this page itself'''. Click on one of the titles to start editing.
{| summary="CIT Project Titles" border="1"
! bgcolor="cyan" |Project Number
! bgcolor="cyan" |General Keywords
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |01
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lignocaine|Lignocaine (used in dentistry as a "local")]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |02
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Piperine|Piperine (active ingredient of both black and white pepper)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |03
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Rapamycin|Rapamycin (prevents transplant rejection)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |04
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Gossypol|Gossypol (male birth control)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |05
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gentamycin|Gentamicin A (aminoglycoside antibiotic)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |06
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Herceptin|Herceptin (topical anticancer drug)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |07
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gingerone|Zingerone (the characteristic smell of ginger)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |08
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Sucralose|Sucralose (non-metabolizable sweetening agent)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |09
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Bufotoxin|Bufotoxin (active component of the toad ''Bufo vulgaris'')]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |10
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Roaccutane|Roaccutane (treatment for severe acne)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |11
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Sibutramine|Sibutramine (appetite suppresor)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |12
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Anandamide|Anandamide (the "feel-good" factor in chocolate)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |13
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:h3nbh3|Ammonia-borane: H3N-BH3 (Hydrogen storage molecule?)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |14
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Methoxsalen|Methoxsalen (Treatment of psoriasis)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |15
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Hycocine|Hyoscine (From Mandrake and Witches Henbane, pre-med before surgery)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |16
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Capreomycin|Capreomycin (Drug-resistant TB)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |17
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:wilkinson|Wilkinson's catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |18
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Jacobsen|Jacobsen's epoxidation catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |19
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Methylaluminoxane|Methylaluminoxane: MAO - hugely important ethylene polymerisation cocatalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |20
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Schwartz|Schwartz reagent for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |21
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Schrock|Schrock metathesis catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |22
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:knots|Molecular-scale knots (nanoscale devices)]]
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFF00" |23
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Vioxx|Vioxx (treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms and pain)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |24
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Sertraline|Sertraline HCl (anti-depression)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |25
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Ceftriaxone|Ceftriaxone (Gonorrhoea)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |26
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Zithromycin|Zithromycin (anti-infective)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |27
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lipitor|Lipitor (Cholesterol reducing agent)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |28
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Cyameluric Acid|Cyameluric acid (Linus Pauling's last idea!)]]
|}

== Supplemental Project Page ==

This area is for people who wish to create their own projects if none of the above appeal to them. Click on the '''Edit''' button to the right to open up an editable page,
then add an entry below as follows

*<nowiki> [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]</nowiki>
*This will produce the effect: [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]
----
*[[it:sitagliptin_page|Sitagliptin]]
*[[it:Retinal|Retinal, molecule of sight]]
*[[it:Tamoxifen|Tamoxifen, breast cancer treatment]]
*[[it:Morphine|Morphine, painkiller]]
*[[it:Pelargonidin|Pelargonidin, colouring in nature]]
*[[it:Propanil|Propanil, weedkiller]]
*[[it:Ranitidine|Ranitidine, antiulcerative]]
*[[it:chlorphentermine|chlorphentermine, anorectic]]
*[[it:Serotonin|Serotonin, The 'HAPPY' Drug]]
*[[it:Amphidinolide T1|Amphidinolide T1]]
*[[it:Rosiglitazone|Rosiglitazone, drug that is currently used to treat diabetes.]]
*[[it:Furosemide|Furosemide]]
*[[it:Tryptophan|Tryptophan]]
*[[it:methylpentynol|methylpentynol, tranquilliser.]]
*[[it:Ferrocene|Ferrocene]]
*[[it:Scopolamine|Scopolamine, the (Former) Truth Drug]]
*[[it:Camptothecin|Camptothecin,Anti-cancer agent ]]
*[[it:Salmeterol|Salmeterol, an agonist used to treat asthma]]
*[[it:Psilocin|Psilocin]]
*[[it:Epibatidine|Epibatidine]]
*[[it:Beta Carotene|Beta Carotene]]
*[[it:Thyroxine|Thyroxine, the Thyroid Hormone]]
*[[it:Tetrahydrocannabinol|Tetrahydrocannabinol]]
*[[it:Linalool|Linalool(A component of essential oil)]]
*[[it:Dihydroartemisinin| Dihydroartemisinin, An Active Anti-Malarial]]
*[[it:Acrolein|Acrolein]]
*[[it:Cinnamaldehyde|Cinnamaldehyde: The smell and taste in the spice cinnamon]]
*[[it:Melatonin|Melatonin: The All-Natural Nightcap]]
*[[it:Benzylpiperazine|Benzylpiperazine (BZP): Party Pills]]
*[[it:Vanillin|Vanillin, flavouring used in food]]
*[[it:Gingerol|Gingerol, precursor of Zingerone]]
*[[it:MSG|MSG; because everyone loves the flavour]]
*[[it:DDT|DDT, Pesticide]]
*[[it:Oseltamivir|Oseltamivir, neuraminidase inhibitor]]
*[[it:Caffeine|Caffeine]]
*[[it:Fullerene]]
*[[it:Histrionicotoxin]]
*[[it:limonene]]
*[[it:Capsanthin]]
*[[it:Safrole|Safrole: A formerly popular food and drinks additive]]
*[[it:Adenosine_Triphosphate|Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Energy source in muscles]]
*[[it:Aspartame|Aspartame: Artificial sweetener]]
*[[it:Astemizole|Astemizole:non-sedating anti-histamine]]
*[[it:Flucloxacillin|Flucloxacillin:antibiotic]]
*[[it:Quinine|Quinine: The Perfect Tonic for Any Fever]]
*[[it:Caramel|Caramel]]
*[[it:Azithromycin|Azithromycin]]
*[[it:Artemisinin|Artemisinin: An antimalarial drug]]
*[[it:Bradykinin|Bradykinin]]
*[[it:Carminic_acid|Carminic acid, Red colouring agent]]
*[[it:Oxytocin|Oxytocin: The Hormone of Love]]
*[[it:Carmoisine|Carmoisine]]
*[[it:Ziegler-Natta|Ziegler-Natta]]
*[[it:Cyclamate|Cyclamate]]
*[[it:Polyurethane|Polyurethane]]
*[[it:sexithiophene|sexithiophene]]
*[[it:Polydimethylsiloxane|Polydimethylsiloxane: Silicon-based organic polymer]]
*[[it:Lycopene|Lycopene: the red antioxidant molecule]]
*[[it:Crystal Meth|Crystal Meth]]
*[[it:Mustard Gas|Mustard Gas]]
*[[it:Saxitoxin|Shellfish Poison]]
*[[it:Luminol|Luminol: Chemiluminescence Reactions]]
*[[it:Tumor Necrosis Factor|Tumour Necrosis Factor]]
*[[it:Tamiflu|Tamiflu: Antiviral]]
*[[it:Warfarin|Warfarin: Blood thinner]]
*[[it:Vitamin C|Ascorbic acid: Vitamin C]]
*[[it:Hexahelicene|Hexahelicene]]
*[[it:Cocaine|Cocaine]]
*[[it:Eucalyptol|Eucalyptol: The main component of eucalyptus oil]]
*[[it:dichlorodifluromethane| Dichlorodifluromethane]]
*[[it:Theobromine| Theobromine]]
*[[it:Maraviroc|Maraviroc: A Potent CCR5 Antagonist for treatment of HIV]]
*[[it:Aspirin]]
*[[it:DEET|DEET]]
*[[it:PhenylButazone|PhenylButazone]]
*[[it:Epinephrine|Epinephrine]]
*[[it:Phenylmercury Acetate|Phenylmurcury Acetate]]
*[[it:Methyltestosterone|Methyltestosterone]]
*[[it:Carboplatin|Carboplatin]]
*[[it:Osmium Tetroxide|Osmium Tetroxide]]
*[[it:TNT|TNT]]

== Wiki Utillities ==
Utilities have been written to help the conversion of material from HTML.

# [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/ A HTML2Wiki Converter]

No wiki2html converter suitable for use has yet been identified.
=== Wiki Templates ===

[[Template:DOI]] and [[Template:Doi-inline]] are providea as (protected) templates for your use. Many other templates exist, often to be found on e.g. Wikipedia pages. You may decide one of these is of particular use, or of interest. If so, you can install it on the wiki here for you and others to use. Add below a line that looks like {{template-name|parameter}}, save, and click on the red text to create the new template. If you prefer the task of adding useful templates to that of adding information about molecules, then you will be given full credit for performing this valuable service for others!
--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 14:41, 20 October 2006 (BST)

----
[[Template:Chem-Data]]

[[Template:Drug-Box]] - For pharmaceutical drugs just copy variable names and code generates tables

[[Template:Chembox supplement]] - to be linked to from the supplementary section of the table in the template above, for usage see [[Template_talk:chembox_supplement|here]]

[[Template:NFPA_704]] - for notes on how to use, see [[Template_talk:NFPA_704|here]]

[[R & S Phrases]]

It:projects

2006-12-07T11:55:25Z

Ajpc05: /* Supplemental Project Page */

__FORCETOC__

'''''You MUST use the Edit buttons on the right to edit this content. Do NOT use the Edit button on the top of this page.'''''
== Sandbox (Play-Pen) ==

This is an area where you can play without worrying what you do. Enter it by pressing the [Edit] button '''on the right''' and '''not''' at the top. Go here for a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Cheatsheet ''cheat sheet''] summary of how to create a Wiki page. It's a free-for-all in here! Learn how to use a Wiki by coming here! PS This is how to do Greek: Α, α, β Δ, δ
Try copying/pasting some of the [http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/it/lab1.html examples in the course work] into this page. See the effect by selecting '''Show Preview'''. No not use '''Save Page''' so as to leave this area uncluttered for others.
----
{|
|NEW: This demonstrates the use of Jmol loading discrete molecule files (rather than having to paste them into the wiki page). Upload the molecule file, and invoke it as shown here. Use it for eg loading large proteins etc. Sorry about the delay in getting this working, but the cause was pretty unobvious.--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 16:07, 4 December 2006 (UTC)
<center><jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<title>Pentahelicene</title><color>yellow</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Pentahelicene.mol</uploadedFileContents>
</jmolApplet>
<jmolMenu>
<item><text>Start spinning</text><script>spin on</script></item>
<item><text>Stop spinning</text><script>spin off</script></item>
<menuHeight>-1</menuHeight>
</jmolMenu>
<jmolButton>
<script>console</script>
<text>open a console window</text>
</jmolButton>
</jmol></center>
-----
<center><jmol><jmolAppletButton><title>Show Pentahelicene in popup window</title><color>cyan</color>
<uploadedFileContents>Pentahelicene.mol</uploadedFileContents></jmolAppletButton>
</jmol></center>

== Main Project Page ==
'''Please do not edit this page itself'''. Click on one of the titles to start editing.
{| summary="CIT Project Titles" border="1"
! bgcolor="cyan" |Project Number
! bgcolor="cyan" |General Keywords
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |01
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lignocaine|Lignocaine (used in dentistry as a "local")]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |02
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Piperine|Piperine (active ingredient of both black and white pepper)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |03
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Rapamycin|Rapamycin (prevents transplant rejection)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |04
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Gossypol|Gossypol (male birth control)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |05
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gentamycin|Gentamicin A (aminoglycoside antibiotic)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |06
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Herceptin|Herceptin (topical anticancer drug)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |07
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Gingerone|Zingerone (the characteristic smell of ginger)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |08
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Sucralose|Sucralose (non-metabolizable sweetening agent)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |09
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Bufotoxin|Bufotoxin (active component of the toad ''Bufo vulgaris'')]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |10
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Roaccutane|Roaccutane (treatment for severe acne)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |11
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Sibutramine|Sibutramine (appetite suppresor)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |12
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Anandamide|Anandamide (the "feel-good" factor in chocolate)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |13
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:h3nbh3|Ammonia-borane: H3N-BH3 (Hydrogen storage molecule?)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |14
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Methoxsalen|Methoxsalen (Treatment of psoriasis)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |15
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Hycocine|Hyoscine (From Mandrake and Witches Henbane, pre-med before surgery)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |16
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Capreomycin|Capreomycin (Drug-resistant TB)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |17
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:wilkinson|Wilkinson's catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |18
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Jacobsen|Jacobsen's epoxidation catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |19
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Methylaluminoxane|Methylaluminoxane: MAO - hugely important ethylene polymerisation cocatalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |20
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Schwartz|Schwartz reagent for the hydrozirconation of alkenes and alkynes]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |21
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Schrock|Schrock metathesis catalyst]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |22
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:knots|Molecular-scale knots (nanoscale devices)]]
|-
|bgcolor="#CCFF00" |23
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Vioxx|Vioxx (treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms and pain)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |24
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Sertraline|Sertraline HCl (anti-depression)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |25
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Ceftriaxone|Ceftriaxone (Gonorrhoea)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |26
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Zithromycin|Zithromycin (anti-infective)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |27
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" | [[it:Lipitor|Lipitor (Cholesterol reducing agent)]]
|-
| bgcolor="#CCFF00" |28
| bgcolor="#66FF99" | [[it:Cyameluric Acid|Cyameluric acid (Linus Pauling's last idea!)]]
|}

== Supplemental Project Page ==

This area is for people who wish to create their own projects if none of the above appeal to them. Click on the '''Edit''' button to the right to open up an editable page,
then add an entry below as follows

*<nowiki> [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]</nowiki>
*This will produce the effect: [[it:name_of_project|Descriptive name of intended project]]
----
*[[it:sitagliptin_page|Sitagliptin]]
*[[it:Retinal|Retinal, molecule of sight]]
*[[it:Tamoxifen|Tamoxifen, breast cancer treatment]]
*[[it:Morphine|Morphine, painkiller]]
*[[it:Pelargonidin|Pelargonidin, colouring in nature]]
*[[it:Propanil|Propanil, weedkiller]]
*[[it:Ranitidine|Ranitidine, antiulcerative]]
*[[it:chlorphentermine|chlorphentermine, anorectic]]
*[[it:Serotonin|Serotonin, The 'HAPPY' Drug]]
*[[it:Amphidinolide T1|Amphidinolide T1]]
*[[it:Rosiglitazone|Rosiglitazone, drug that is currently used to treat diabetes.]]
*[[it:Furosemide|Furosemide]]
*[[it:Tryptophan|Tryptophan]]
*[[it:methylpentynol|methylpentynol, tranquilliser.]]
*[[it:Ferrocene|Ferrocene]]
*[[it:Scopolamine|Scopolamine, the (Former) Truth Drug]]
*[[it:Camptothecin|Camptothecin,Anti-cancer agent ]]
*[[it:Salmeterol|Salmeterol, an agonist used to treat asthma]]
*[[it:Psilocin|Psilocin]]
*[[it:Epibatidine|Epibatidine]]
*[[it:Beta Carotene|Beta Carotene]]
*[[it:Thyroxine|Thyroxine, the Thyroid Hormone]]
*[[it:Tetrahydrocannabinol|Tetrahydrocannabinol]]
*[[it:Linalool|Linalool(A component of essential oil)]]
*[[it:Dihydroartemisinin| Dihydroartemisinin, An Active Anti-Malarial]]
*[[it:Acrolein|Acrolein]]
*[[it:Cinnamaldehyde|Cinnamaldehyde: The smell and taste in the spice cinnamon]]
*[[it:Melatonin|Melatonin: The All-Natural Nightcap]]
*[[it:Benzylpiperazine|Benzylpiperazine (BZP): Party Pills]]
*[[it:Vanillin|Vanillin, flavouring used in food]]
*[[it:Gingerol|Gingerol, precursor of Zingerone]]
*[[it:MSG|MSG; because everyone loves the flavour]]
*[[it:DDT|DDT, Pesticide]]
*[[it:Oseltamivir|Oseltamivir, neuraminidase inhibitor]]
*[[it:Caffeine|Caffeine]]
*[[it:Fullerene]]
*[[it:Histrionicotoxin]]
*[[it:limonene]]
*[[it:Capsanthin]]
*[[it:Safrole|Safrole: A formerly popular food and drinks additive]]
*[[it:Adenosine_Triphosphate|Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), Energy source in muscles]]
*[[it:Aspartame|Aspartame: Artificial sweetener]]
*[[it:Astemizole|Astemizole:non-sedating anti-histamine]]
*[[it:Flucloxacillin|Flucloxacillin:antibiotic]]
*[[it:Quinine|Quinine: The Perfect Tonic for Any Fever]]
*[[it:Caramel|Caramel]]
*[[it:Azithromycin|Azithromycin]]
*[[it:Artemisinin|Artemisinin: An antimalarial drug]]
*[[it:Bradykinin|Bradykinin]]
*[[it:Carminic_acid|Carminic acid, Red colouring agent]]
*[[it:Oxytocin|Oxytocin: The Hormone of Love]]
*[[it:Carmoisine|Carmoisine]]
*[[it:Ziegler-Natta|Ziegler-Natta]]
*[[it:Cyclamate|Cyclamate]]
*[[it:Polyurethane|Polyurethane]]
*[[it:sexithiophene|sexithiophene]]
*[[it:Polydimethylsiloxane|Polydimethylsiloxane: Silicon-based organic polymer]]
*[[it:Lycopene|Lycopene: the red antioxidant molecule]]
*[[it:Crystal Meth|Crystal Meth]]
*[[it:Mustard Gas|Mustard Gas]]
*[[it:Saxitoxin|Shellfish Poison]]
*[[it:Luminol|Luminol: Chemiluminescence Reactions]]
*[[it:Tumor Necrosis Factor|Tumour Necrosis Factor]]
*[[it:Tamiflu|Tamiflu: Antiviral]]
*[[it:Warfarin|Warfarin: Blood thinner]]
*[[it:Vitamin C|Ascorbic acid: Vitamin C]]
*[[it:Hexahelicene|Hexahelicene]]
*[[it:Cocaine|Cocaine]]
*[[it:Eucalyptol|Eucalyptol: The main component of eucalyptus oil]]
*[[it:dichlorodifluromethane| Dichlorodifluromethane]]
*[[it:Theobromine| Theobromine]]
*[[it:Maraviroc|Maraviroc: A Potent CCR5 Antagonist for treatment of HIV]]
*[[it:Aspirin]]
*[[it:DEET|DEET]]
*[[it:PhenylButazone|PhenylButazone]]
*[[it:Epinephrine|Epinephrine]]
*[[it:Phenylmercury Acetate|Phenylmurcury Acetate]]
*[[it:Methyltestosterone|Methyltestosterone]]
*[[it:Carboplatin|Carboplatin]]
*[[it:Osmium Tetroxide|Osmium Tetroxide]]
*[[it:TNT|Trinitrotoluene]]

== Wiki Utillities ==
Utilities have been written to help the conversion of material from HTML.

# [http://diberri.dyndns.org/wikipedia/html2wiki/ A HTML2Wiki Converter]

No wiki2html converter suitable for use has yet been identified.
=== Wiki Templates ===

[[Template:DOI]] and [[Template:Doi-inline]] are providea as (protected) templates for your use. Many other templates exist, often to be found on e.g. Wikipedia pages. You may decide one of these is of particular use, or of interest. If so, you can install it on the wiki here for you and others to use. Add below a line that looks like {{template-name|parameter}}, save, and click on the red text to create the new template. If you prefer the task of adding useful templates to that of adding information about molecules, then you will be given full credit for performing this valuable service for others!
--[[User:Rzepa|Rzepa]] 14:41, 20 October 2006 (BST)

----
[[Template:Chem-Data]]

[[Template:Drug-Box]] - For pharmaceutical drugs just copy variable names and code generates tables

[[Template:Chembox supplement]] - to be linked to from the supplementary section of the table in the template above, for usage see [[Template_talk:chembox_supplement|here]]

[[Template:NFPA_704]] - for notes on how to use, see [[Template_talk:NFPA_704|here]]

[[R & S Phrases]]

TNT

2006-12-07T11:51:26Z

Ajpc05:

== Trinotrololuene (TNT) ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Trinitrotoluene(TNT)
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>250</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 90; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 2.704 -0.001 -0.015 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.197 -0.001 -0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 0.507 1.197 -0.002 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -0.876 1.198 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 C 0 -1.567 0.001 0.011 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -0.877 -1.197 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 0.505 -1.197 -0.007 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 N 0 1.245 -2.480 -0.011 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 9 O 0 0.639 -3.532 -0.108 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 10 O 0 2.459 -2.483 0.082 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 11 N 0 -3.048 0.002 0.021 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 12 O 0 -3.656 1.057 0.025 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 13 O 0 -3.657 -1.053 0.025 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 14 N 0 1.247 2.478 -0.007 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 15 O 0 0.645 3.529 -0.136 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 16 O 0 2.459 2.482 0.117 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 17 H 0 3.074 -0.062 1.008 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 3.064 -0.860 -0.583 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 3.065 0.917 -0.478 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -1.415 2.133 0.010 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -1.417 -2.132 0.011 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 17 18 19
CONECT 2 1 7 3 0
CONECT 3 2 4 14 0
CONECT 4 3 5 20 0
CONECT 5 4 6 11 0
CONECT 6 5 7 21 0
CONECT 7 6 2 8 0
CONECT 8 7 9 10 0
CONECT 9 8 0 0 0
CONECT 10 8 0 0 0
CONECT 11 5 12 13 0
CONECT 12 11 0 0 0
CONECT 13 11 0 0 0
CONECT 14 3 15 16 0
CONECT 15 14 0 0 0
CONECT 16 14 0 0 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | General
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature Systematic name]
| colspan="2"|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
|-
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| colspan="2" |C7H5N3O6
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification SMILES]
| colspan="2" |CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| colspan="2" | 227.131 g/mol
|-
| colspan="1" |advised storage temperature
| colspan="2" |2-8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |melting point
| colspan="2" |80.8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |hazard code
| colspan="2" |F,Xn
|-

|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Data are given for materials in their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]
|-
|}

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is amongst the most famous explosive currently used, along with C4.

According to the IUPAC numenclature system, TNT is 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, its formula is C7H5N3O6.

In 1863, TNT was synthesised for the first time by Joseph Wilbrand, yet it only reached large-scale production by 1891.

== History ==

In 1863 Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was synthesised for the first time by Josef Wilbrand, in Germany. It's first known military use dates back to 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The Russians employed TNT, but eventually lost.
TNT only saw large scale production in World War I by the German Navy. Thanks to its stability the German Navy, could melt it safely and use it as propellant for their artillery shells. The TNT filling allowed German shells a vastly enhanced ability to armour-piercing capacity.
 By World War II, TNT had undergone several transformations, to enhance both its stability and detonation power, leading to the development of C4 and other high power explosives, nick named RDX (Research Development Explosive), in the 1960's in England mainly.
TNT replaced dynamite due to its greater stability, particularly over the trinitroglycerine compound, which was much more shock sensitive.
--[[User:Ajpc05|Ajpc05]] 13:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

== Synthesis ==

TNT is synthesised by a serie of nitration reactions. To begin with, a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid is added to toluene. The addition of NO2 stabilises the aromatic ring, causing a drop in the reactivity of toluene. This is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the NO2 group. This first reaction should be carried out below 30°C, since toluene is a fairly volatile compound. Finally the excess acid (lower layer) is separated off.
 The solution of mononitrotoluene is added dropwise to a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, heated up to 50°C. The reaction is exothermic but should be kept below 100°C. The solution should be left to stir for 2 hours, and then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The lower layer (excess acid) is separated off.
 A solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, with 15% petroleum and 15% SO3, should be brought to 110°C, and kept at this temperature throughout the reaction. The Dinitrotoluene should be added dropwise to the acid solution. The solution should be left to cool down to room temperature.
 The solution should be filtrated, keeping both the solids and the filtrate. The solid should be washed with water to remove remaining acid. Dissolved TNT should be extracted from the acid by washing repeatedly with hot (80-90°C) water. Upon coolin the TNT should solidify and can be filtered. The result should be pale yellow crystals.

== Explosion ==

While TNT is a powerful explosive, it is highly stable and requires a detonator to start the reaction. Most of the power of TNT comes from the quick conversion of two moles of solid TNT to 15 moles of hot gases as per the following reaction:
 2C7H5N3O6(s) → 3N2 (g) + 7CO(g) + 5H2O(g) + 7C(s)
 This fast liberation of gas generates large amounts of heat, and causes a drastic increase in pressure in the nearby surrounding, hence the explosion. The Carbon created during the reaction gives the explosion it's dark appearance.

== Reference ==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluene Wikipedia article: TNT]

Anarchist Cookbook, The, 1970, William Powell

TNT

2006-12-05T18:17:11Z

Ajpc05:

TNT

2006-12-05T18:12:22Z

Ajpc05:

== Trinotrololuene (TNT) ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Trinitrotoluene(TNT)
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>250</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 90; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 2.704 -0.001 -0.015 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.197 -0.001 -0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 0.507 1.197 -0.002 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -0.876 1.198 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 C 0 -1.567 0.001 0.011 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -0.877 -1.197 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 0.505 -1.197 -0.007 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 N 0 1.245 -2.480 -0.011 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 9 O 0 0.639 -3.532 -0.108 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 10 O 0 2.459 -2.483 0.082 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 11 N 0 -3.048 0.002 0.021 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 12 O 0 -3.656 1.057 0.025 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 13 O 0 -3.657 -1.053 0.025 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 14 N 0 1.247 2.478 -0.007 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 15 O 0 0.645 3.529 -0.136 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 16 O 0 2.459 2.482 0.117 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 17 H 0 3.074 -0.062 1.008 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 3.064 -0.860 -0.583 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 3.065 0.917 -0.478 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -1.415 2.133 0.010 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -1.417 -2.132 0.011 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 17 18 19
CONECT 2 1 7 3 0
CONECT 3 2 4 14 0
CONECT 4 3 5 20 0
CONECT 5 4 6 11 0
CONECT 6 5 7 21 0
CONECT 7 6 2 8 0
CONECT 8 7 9 10 0
CONECT 9 8 0 0 0
CONECT 10 8 0 0 0
CONECT 11 5 12 13 0
CONECT 12 11 0 0 0
CONECT 13 11 0 0 0
CONECT 14 3 15 16 0
CONECT 15 14 0 0 0
CONECT 16 14 0 0 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | General
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature Systematic name]
| colspan="2"|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
|-
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| colspan="2" |C7H5N3O6
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification SMILES]
| colspan="2" |CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| colspan="2" | 227.131 g/mol
|-
| colspan="1" |advised storage temperature
| colspan="2" |2-8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |melting point
| colspan="2" |80.8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |hazard code
| colspan="2" |F,Xn
|-

|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Data are given for materials in their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]
|-
|}

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is amongst the most famous explosive currently used, along with C4.

According to the IUPAC numenclature system, TNT is 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, its formula is C7H5N3O6.

In 1863, TNT was synthesised for the first time by Joseph Wilbrand, yet it only reached large-scale production by 1891.

== History ==

In 1863 Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was synthesised for the first time by Josef Wilbrand, in Germany. It's first known military use dates back to 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The Russians employed TNT, but eventually lost.
TNT only saw large scale production in World War I by the German Navy. Thanks to its stability the German Navy, could melt it safely and use it as propellant for their artillery shells. The TNT filling allowed German shells a vastly enhanced ability to armour-piercing capacity.
 By World War II, TNT had undergone several transformations, to enhance both its stability and detonation power, leading to the development of C4 and other high power explosives, nick named RDX (Research Development Explosive), in the 1960's in England mainly.
TNT replaced dynamite due to its greater stability, particularly over the trinitroglycerine compound, which was much more shock sensitive.
--[[User:Ajpc05|Ajpc05]] 13:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

== Synthesis ==

TNT is synthesised by a serie of nitration reactions. To begin with, a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid is added to toluene. The addition of NO2 stabilises the aromatic ring, causing a drop in the reactivity of toluene. This is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the NO2 group. This first reaction should be carried out below 30°C, since toluene is a fairly volatile compound. Finally the excess acid (lower layer) is separated off.
 The solution of mononitrotoluene is added dropwise to a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, heated up to 50°C. The reaction is exothermic but should be kept below 100°C. The solution should be left to stir for 2 hours, and then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The lower layer (excess acid) is separated off.
 A solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, with 15% petroleum and 15% SO3, should be brought to 110°C, and kept at this temperature throughout the reaction. The Dinitrotoluene should be added dropwise to the acid solution. The solution should be left to cool down to room temperature.
 The solution should be filtrated, keeping both the solids and the filtrate. The solid should be washed with water to remove remaining acid. Dissolved TNT should be extracted from the acid by washing repeatedly with hot (80-90°C) water. Upon coolin the TNT should solidify and can be filtered. The result should be pale yellow crystals.

== Explosion ==

While TNT is a powerful explosive, it is highly stable and requires a detonator to start the reaction. Most of the power of TNT comes from the quick conversion of two moles of solid TNT to 15 moles of hot gases as per the following reaction:
 2C7H5N3O6(s) → 3N2 (g) + 7CO(g) + 5H2O(g) + 7C(s)

== Reference ==

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinitrotoluene Wikipedia article: TNT]

TNT

2006-12-05T18:07:23Z

Ajpc05:

== Trinotrololuene (TNT) ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Trinitrotoluene(TNT)
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>250</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 90; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 2.704 -0.001 -0.015 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.197 -0.001 -0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 0.507 1.197 -0.002 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -0.876 1.198 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 C 0 -1.567 0.001 0.011 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -0.877 -1.197 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 0.505 -1.197 -0.007 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 N 0 1.245 -2.480 -0.011 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 9 O 0 0.639 -3.532 -0.108 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 10 O 0 2.459 -2.483 0.082 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 11 N 0 -3.048 0.002 0.021 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 12 O 0 -3.656 1.057 0.025 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 13 O 0 -3.657 -1.053 0.025 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 14 N 0 1.247 2.478 -0.007 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 15 O 0 0.645 3.529 -0.136 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 16 O 0 2.459 2.482 0.117 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 17 H 0 3.074 -0.062 1.008 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 3.064 -0.860 -0.583 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 3.065 0.917 -0.478 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -1.415 2.133 0.010 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -1.417 -2.132 0.011 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 17 18 19
CONECT 2 1 7 3 0
CONECT 3 2 4 14 0
CONECT 4 3 5 20 0
CONECT 5 4 6 11 0
CONECT 6 5 7 21 0
CONECT 7 6 2 8 0
CONECT 8 7 9 10 0
CONECT 9 8 0 0 0
CONECT 10 8 0 0 0
CONECT 11 5 12 13 0
CONECT 12 11 0 0 0
CONECT 13 11 0 0 0
CONECT 14 3 15 16 0
CONECT 15 14 0 0 0
CONECT 16 14 0 0 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | General
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature Systematic name]
| colspan="2"|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
|-
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| colspan="2" |C7H5N3O6
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification SMILES]
| colspan="2" |CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| colspan="2" | 227.131 g/mol
|-
| colspan="1" |advised storage temperature
| colspan="2" |2-8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |melting point
| colspan="2" |80.8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |hazard code
| colspan="2" |F,Xn
|-

|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Data are given for materials in their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]
|-
|}

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is amongst the most famous explosive currently used, along with C4.

According to the IUPAC numenclature system, TNT is 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, its formula is C7H5N3O6.

In 1863, TNT was synthesised for the first time by Joseph Wilbrand, yet it only reached large-scale production by 1891.

== History ==

In 1863 Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was synthesised for the first time by Josef Wilbrand, in Germany. It's first known military use dates back to 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The Russians employed TNT, but eventually lost.
TNT only saw large scale production in World War I by the German Navy. Thanks to its stability the German Navy, could melt it safely and use it as propellant for their artillery shells. The TNT filling allowed German shells a vastly enhanced ability to armour-piercing capacity.
 By World War II, TNT had undergone several transformations, to enhance both its stability and detonation power, leading to the development of C4 and other high power explosives, nick named RDX (Research Development Explosive), in the 1960's in England mainly.
TNT replaced dynamite due to its greater stability, particularly over the trinitroglycerine compound, which was much more shock sensitive.
--[[User:Ajpc05|Ajpc05]] 13:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

== Synthesis ==

TNT is synthesised by a serie of nitration reactions. To begin with, a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid is added to toluene. The addition of NO2 stabilises the aromatic ring, causing a drop in the reactivity of toluene. This is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the NO2 group. This first reaction should be carried out below 30°C, since toluene is a fairly volatile compound. Finally the excess acid (lower layer) is separated off.
 The solution of mononitrotoluene is added dropwise to a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, heated up to 50°C. The reaction is exothermic but should be kept below 100°C. The solution should be left to stir for 2 hours, and then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The lower layer (excess acid) is separated off.
 A solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, with 15% petroleum and 15% SO3, should be brought to 110°C, and kept at this temperature throughout the reaction. The Dinitrotoluene should be added dropwise to the acid solution. The solution should be left to cool down to room temperature.
 The solution should be filtrated, keeping both the solids and the filtrate. The solid should be washed with water to remove remaining acid. Dissolved TNT should be extracted from the acid by washing repeatedly with hot (80-90°C) water. Upon coolin the TNT should solidify and can be filtered. The result should be pale yellow crystals.

== Explosion ==

While TNT is a powerful explosive, it is highly stable and requires a detonator to start the reaction. Most of the power of TNT comes from the quick conversion of two moles of solid TNT to 15 moles of hot gases as per the following reaction:
 2C7H5N3O6(s) → 3N2 (g) + 7CO(g) + 5H2O(g) + 7C(s)

TNT

2006-12-05T17:50:51Z

Ajpc05:

== Trinotrololuene (TNT) ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Trinitrotoluene(TNT)
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>250</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 90; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 2.704 -0.001 -0.015 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.197 -0.001 -0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 0.507 1.197 -0.002 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -0.876 1.198 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 C 0 -1.567 0.001 0.011 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -0.877 -1.197 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 0.505 -1.197 -0.007 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 N 0 1.245 -2.480 -0.011 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 9 O 0 0.639 -3.532 -0.108 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 10 O 0 2.459 -2.483 0.082 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 11 N 0 -3.048 0.002 0.021 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 12 O 0 -3.656 1.057 0.025 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 13 O 0 -3.657 -1.053 0.025 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 14 N 0 1.247 2.478 -0.007 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 15 O 0 0.645 3.529 -0.136 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 16 O 0 2.459 2.482 0.117 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 17 H 0 3.074 -0.062 1.008 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 3.064 -0.860 -0.583 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 3.065 0.917 -0.478 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -1.415 2.133 0.010 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -1.417 -2.132 0.011 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 17 18 19
CONECT 2 1 7 3 0
CONECT 3 2 4 14 0
CONECT 4 3 5 20 0
CONECT 5 4 6 11 0
CONECT 6 5 7 21 0
CONECT 7 6 2 8 0
CONECT 8 7 9 10 0
CONECT 9 8 0 0 0
CONECT 10 8 0 0 0
CONECT 11 5 12 13 0
CONECT 12 11 0 0 0
CONECT 13 11 0 0 0
CONECT 14 3 15 16 0
CONECT 15 14 0 0 0
CONECT 16 14 0 0 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | General
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature Systematic name]
| colspan="2"|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
|-
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| colspan="2" |C7H5N3O6
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification SMILES]
| colspan="2" |CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| colspan="2" | 227.131 g/mol
|-
| colspan="1" |advised storage temperature
| colspan="2" |2-8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |melting point
| colspan="2" |80.8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |hazard code
| colspan="2" |F,Xn
|-

|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Data are given for materials in their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]
|-
|}

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is amongst the most famous explosive currently used, along with C4.

According to the IUPAC numenclature system, TNT is 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, its formula is C7H5N3O6.

In 1863, TNT was synthesised for the first time by Joseph Wilbrand, yet it only reached large-scale production by 1891.

== History ==

In 1863 Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was synthesised for the first time by Josef Wilbrand, in Germany. It's first known military use dates back to 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The Russians employed TNT, but eventually lost.
TNT only saw large scale production in World War I by the German Navy. Thanks to its stability the German Navy, could melt it safely and use it as propellant for their artillery shells. The TNT filling allowed German shells a vastly enhanced ability to armour-piercing capacity.
By World War II, TNT had undergone several transformations, to enhance both its stability and detonation power, leading to the development of C4 and other high power explosives, nick named RDX (Research Development Explosive), in the 1960's in England mainly.
TNT replaced dynamite due to its greater stability, particularly over the trinitroglycerine compound, which was much more shock sensitive.
--[[User:Ajpc05|Ajpc05]] 13:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

== Synthesis ==

TNT is synthesised by a serie of nitration reactions. To begin with, a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid is added to toluene. The addition of NO2 stabilises the aromatic ring, causing a drop in the reactivity of toluene. This is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the NO2 group. This first reaction should be carried out below 30°C, since toluene is a fairly volatile compound. Finally the excess acid (lower layer) is separated off.
The solution of mononitrotoluene is added dropwise to a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, heated up to 50°C. The reaction is exothermic but should be kept below 100°C. The solution should be left to stir for 2 hours, and then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The lower layer (excess acid) is separated off.
A solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, with 15% petroleum and 15% SO3, should be brought to 110°C, and kept at this temperature throughout the reaction. The Dinitrotoluene should be added dropwise to the acid solution. The solution should be left to cool down to room temperature.
The solution should be filtrated, keeping both the solids and the filtrate. The solid should be washed with water to remove remaining acid. Dissolved TNT should be extracted from the acid by washing repeatedly with hot (80-90°C) water. Upon coolin the TNT should solidify and can be filtered. The result should be pale yellow crystals.

TNT

2006-12-05T17:37:47Z

Ajpc05:

== Trinotrololuene (TNT) ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Trinitrotoluene(TNT)
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>250</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 90; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 2.704 -0.001 -0.015 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.197 -0.001 -0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 0.507 1.197 -0.002 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -0.876 1.198 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 C 0 -1.567 0.001 0.011 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -0.877 -1.197 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 0.505 -1.197 -0.007 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 N 0 1.245 -2.480 -0.011 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 9 O 0 0.639 -3.532 -0.108 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 10 O 0 2.459 -2.483 0.082 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 11 N 0 -3.048 0.002 0.021 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 12 O 0 -3.656 1.057 0.025 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 13 O 0 -3.657 -1.053 0.025 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 14 N 0 1.247 2.478 -0.007 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 15 O 0 0.645 3.529 -0.136 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 16 O 0 2.459 2.482 0.117 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 17 H 0 3.074 -0.062 1.008 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 3.064 -0.860 -0.583 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 3.065 0.917 -0.478 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -1.415 2.133 0.010 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -1.417 -2.132 0.011 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 17 18 19
CONECT 2 1 7 3 0
CONECT 3 2 4 14 0
CONECT 4 3 5 20 0
CONECT 5 4 6 11 0
CONECT 6 5 7 21 0
CONECT 7 6 2 8 0
CONECT 8 7 9 10 0
CONECT 9 8 0 0 0
CONECT 10 8 0 0 0
CONECT 11 5 12 13 0
CONECT 12 11 0 0 0
CONECT 13 11 0 0 0
CONECT 14 3 15 16 0
CONECT 15 14 0 0 0
CONECT 16 14 0 0 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | General
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature Systematic name]
| colspan="2"|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
|-
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| colspan="2" |C7H5N3O6
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification SMILES]
| colspan="2" |CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| colspan="2" | 227.131 g/mol
|-
| colspan="1" |advised storage temperature
| colspan="2" |2-8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |melting point
| colspan="2" |80.8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |hazard code
| colspan="2" |F,Xn
|-

|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Data are given for materials in their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]
|-
|}

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is amongst the most famous explosive currently used, along with C4.

According to the IUPAC numenclature system, TNT is 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, its formula is C7H5N3O6.

In 1863, TNT was synthesised for the first time by Joseph Wilbrand, yet it only reached large-scale production by 1891.

== History ==

In 1863 Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was synthesised for the first time by Josef Wilbrand, in Germany. It's first known military use dates back to 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The Russians employed TNT, but eventually lost.
TNT only saw large scale production in World War I by the German Navy. Thanks to its stability the German Navy, could melt it safely and use it as propellant for their artillery shells. The TNT filling allowed German shells a vastly enhanced ability to armour-piercing capacity.
By World War II, TNT had undergone several transformations, to enhance both its stability and detonation power, leading to the development of C4 and other high power explosives, nick named RDX (Research Development Explosive), in the 1960's in England mainly.
TNT replaced dynamite due to its greater stability, particularly over the trinitroglycerine compound, which was much more shock sensitive.
--[[User:Ajpc05|Ajpc05]] 13:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

== Synthesis ==

TNT is synthesised by a serie of nitration reactions. To begin with, a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid is added to toluene. The addition of NO2 stabilises the aromatic ring, causing a drop in the reactivity of toluene. This is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the NO2 group. This first reaction should be carried out below 30°C, since toluene is a fairly volatile compound. Finally the excess acid (lower layer) is separated off.
The solution of mononitrotoluene is added dropwise to a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, heated up to 50°C. The reaction is exothermic but should be kept below 100°C. The solution should be left to stir for 2hours, and then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The lower layer (excess acid) is separated off.
A solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, with 15% petroleum and 15% SO3, should be brought to 110°C, and kept at this temperature throughout the reaction. The Dinitrotoluene should be added dropwise to the acid solution. The solution should be left to cool down to room temperature.
The solution should be filtrated, keeping both the solids and the filtrate. The solid should be washed with water to remove remaining acid. Dissolved TNT should be extracted from the acid by washing repeatedly with hot (80-90°C) water. Upon coolin the TNT should solidify and can be filtered. The result should be pale yellow crystals.

TNT

2006-12-05T17:23:47Z

Ajpc05:

== Trinotrololuene (TNT) ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Trinitrotoluene(TNT)
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>250</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 90; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 2.704 -0.001 -0.015 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.197 -0.001 -0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 0.507 1.197 -0.002 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -0.876 1.198 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 C 0 -1.567 0.001 0.011 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -0.877 -1.197 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 0.505 -1.197 -0.007 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 N 0 1.245 -2.480 -0.011 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 9 O 0 0.639 -3.532 -0.108 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 10 O 0 2.459 -2.483 0.082 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 11 N 0 -3.048 0.002 0.021 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 12 O 0 -3.656 1.057 0.025 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 13 O 0 -3.657 -1.053 0.025 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 14 N 0 1.247 2.478 -0.007 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 15 O 0 0.645 3.529 -0.136 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 16 O 0 2.459 2.482 0.117 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 17 H 0 3.074 -0.062 1.008 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 3.064 -0.860 -0.583 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 3.065 0.917 -0.478 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -1.415 2.133 0.010 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -1.417 -2.132 0.011 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 17 18 19
CONECT 2 1 7 3 0
CONECT 3 2 4 14 0
CONECT 4 3 5 20 0
CONECT 5 4 6 11 0
CONECT 6 5 7 21 0
CONECT 7 6 2 8 0
CONECT 8 7 9 10 0
CONECT 9 8 0 0 0
CONECT 10 8 0 0 0
CONECT 11 5 12 13 0
CONECT 12 11 0 0 0
CONECT 13 11 0 0 0
CONECT 14 3 15 16 0
CONECT 15 14 0 0 0
CONECT 16 14 0 0 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | General
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature Systematic name]
| colspan="2"|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
|-
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| colspan="2" |C7H5N3O6
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification SMILES]
| colspan="2" |CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| colspan="2" | 227.131 g/mol
|-
| colspan="1" |advised storage temperature
| colspan="2" |2-8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |melting point
| colspan="2" |80.8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |hazard code
| colspan="2" |F,Xn
|-

|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Data are given for materials in their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]
|-
|}

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is amongst the most famous explosive currently used, along with C4.

According to the IUPAC numenclature system, TNT is 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, its formula is C7H5N3O6.

In 1863, TNT was synthesised for the first time by Joseph Wilbrand, yet it only reached large-scale production by 1891.

== History ==

In 1863 Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was synthesised for the first time by Josef Wilbrand, in Germany. It's first known military use dates back to 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The Russians employed TNT, but eventually lost.
TNT only saw large scale production in World War I by the German Army. Thanks to its stability the German Army could melt it safely and use it as propellant for their artillery shells. The TNT filling allowed German bullets a vastly enhanced ability to armour-piercing capacity.
By World War II, TNT had undergone several transformations, to enhance both its stability and detonation power, leading to the development of C4 and other high power explosives, nick named RDX (Research Development Explosive), in the 1960's in England mainly.
TNT replaced dynamite due to its greater stability, particularly over the trinitroglycerine compound, which was much more shock sensitive.
--[[User:Ajpc05|Ajpc05]] 13:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

== Synthesis ==

TNT is synthesised by a serie of nitration reactions. To begin with, a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid is added to toluene. The addition of NO2 stabilises the aromatic ring, causing a drop in the reactivity of toluene. This is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the NO2 group. This first reaction should be carried out below 30°C, since toluene is a fairly volatile compound. Finally the excess acid (lower layer) is separated off.
The solution of mononitrotoluene is added dropwise to a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, heated up to 50°C. The reaction is exothermic but should be kept below 100°C. The solution should be left to stir for 2hours, and then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The lower layer (excess acid) is separated off.
A solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, with 15% petroleum and 15% SO3, should be brought to 110°C, and kept at this temperature throughout. The Dinitrotoluene should be added dropwise to the acid solution

TNT

2006-12-05T16:54:02Z

Ajpc05:

== Trinotrololuene (TNT) ==

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" |Trinitrotoluene(TNT)
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>250</size>
<color>white</color>
<script>zoom 90; cpk on;frame 1; move 10 -20 10 0 0 0 0 0 3; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 2.704 -0.001 -0.015 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.197 -0.001 -0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 C 0 0.507 1.197 -0.002 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 4 C 0 -0.876 1.198 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 5 C 0 -1.567 0.001 0.011 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 -0.877 -1.197 0.006 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 0.505 -1.197 -0.007 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 N 0 1.245 -2.480 -0.011 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 9 O 0 0.639 -3.532 -0.108 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 10 O 0 2.459 -2.483 0.082 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 11 N 0 -3.048 0.002 0.021 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 12 O 0 -3.656 1.057 0.025 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 13 O 0 -3.657 -1.053 0.025 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 14 N 0 1.247 2.478 -0.007 0.00 0.00 N+1
ATOM 15 O 0 0.645 3.529 -0.136 0.00 0.00 O+0
ATOM 16 O 0 2.459 2.482 0.117 0.00 0.00 O-1
ATOM 17 H 0 3.074 -0.062 1.008 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 3.064 -0.860 -0.583 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 3.065 0.917 -0.478 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 -1.415 2.133 0.010 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 -1.417 -2.132 0.011 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 17 18 19
CONECT 2 1 7 3 0
CONECT 3 2 4 14 0
CONECT 4 3 5 20 0
CONECT 5 4 6 11 0
CONECT 6 5 7 21 0
CONECT 7 6 2 8 0
CONECT 8 7 9 10 0
CONECT 9 8 0 0 0
CONECT 10 8 0 0 0
CONECT 11 5 12 13 0
CONECT 12 11 0 0 0
CONECT 13 11 0 0 0
CONECT 14 3 15 16 0
CONECT 15 14 0 0 0
CONECT 16 14 0 0 0
END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>
|-
| align="center" colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" | General
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUPAC_nomenclature Systematic name]
| colspan="2"|2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene
|-
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula Molecular formula]
| colspan="2" |C7H5N3O6
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification SMILES]
| colspan="2" |CC1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
|-
| colspan="1" |[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass Molar mass]
| colspan="2" | 227.131 g/mol
|-
| colspan="1" |advised storage temperature
| colspan="2" |2-8°C
|-
| colspan="1" |hazard code
| colspan="2" |F,Xn
|-

|-
| {{chembox header}} colspan="3"| Data are given for materials in their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)]
|-
|}

Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is amongst the most famous explosive currently used, along with C4.

According to the IUPAC numenclature system, TNT is 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, its formula is C7H5N3O6.

In 1863, TNT was synthesised for the first time by Joseph Wilbrand, yet it only reached large-scale production by 1891.

== History ==

In 1863 Trinitrotoluene (TNT) was synthesised for the first time by Josef Wilbrand, in Germany. It's first known military use dates back to 1905 during the Russo-Japanese War. The Russians employed TNT, but eventually lost.
TNT only saw large scale production in World War I by the German Army. Thanks to its stability the German Army could melt it safely and use it as propellant for their artillery shells. The TNT filling allowed German bullets a vastly enhanced ability to armour-piercing capacity.
By World War II, TNT had undergone several transformations, to enhance both its stability and detonation power, leading to the development of C4 and other high power explosives, nick named RDX (Research Development Explosive), in the 1960's in England mainly.
TNT replaced dynamite due to its greater stability, particularly over the trinitroglycerine compound, which was much more shock sensitive.
--[[User:Ajpc05|Ajpc05]] 13:58, 5 December 2006 (UTC)

== Synthesis ==

TNT is synthesised by a serie of nitration reactions. To begin with, a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid is added to toluene. The addition of NO2 stabilises the aromatic ring, causing a drop in the reactivity of toluene. This is due to the electron-withdrawing nature of the NO2 group. This first reaction should be carried out below 30°C, since toluene is a fairly volatile compound. Finally the excess acid (lower layer) is separated off.
The solution of mononitrotoluene is added dropwise to a solution of 2:1 concentrated sulfuric acid and conecntrated nitric acid, and brought up to 50°C.

TNT

2006-12-05T15:56:18Z

Ajpc05:

File:TNT01.JPG

2006-12-05T15:50:50Z

Ajpc05: TNT (Trinitrotoluene) molecule

TNT (Trinitrotoluene) molecule

TNT

2006-12-05T13:58:27Z

Ajpc05:

TNT

2006-12-05T13:58:15Z

Ajpc05:

TNT

2006-12-05T13:38:43Z

Ajpc05:

TNT

2006-12-05T13:38:17Z

Ajpc05:

TNT

2006-12-05T13:32:30Z

Ajpc05:

TNT

2006-12-05T12:13:53Z

Ajpc05:

File:Trinitroglycerin.PDB

2006-10-19T13:35:30Z

Ajpc05: Trinitroglycerin by Alban

Trinitroglycerin
by Alban