ChemWiki - User contributions [en]

It:Crystal Meth

2006-12-12T15:03:26Z

Aa2405: /* '''IR Spectrum''' */

= '''Methamphetamine''' =
Methamphetamine (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N) or chrystal meth as is most commmonly known, is an intensive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant psychostimulant] and belongs in the family of drugs known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamines amphetamines].There are two forms of methamphetamine, the D-form and the L-form. The D-form is the drug known as "speed" whereas the L form of the drug is a decongestant used in the U.S Vicks inhaler. Its pharmaceutical form Desoxyn is used to treat [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy narcolepsy], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_Deficit_Disorder ADD/ADHD ] and exogenous obesity.
The drug works directly on the brain and spinal cord by interfering with normal neurotransmission with the main [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter neurotransmitter] to be affected being [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine dopamine] .

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| Methamphetamine'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:chrysmeth.gif]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-

| [[IUPAC name]]
| ''(S)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine''
|-
| [[Other names]]
| Desoxyn; Methedrine;speed; meth; chalk; Christina or Tina; ice; crank; L.A; snot
|-
| [[CAS number]]
| 537-46-2
|-
| [[Pub Chem]]
| 1206
|-

| [[Chemical formula]]
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|149.2 g/mol
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |Properties
|-

| Melting point
|170-175°C[http://www.chemblink.com/products/162011-90-7.htm (m)]
|-
| Density
|0.907 ± 0.06 g/cm3 ]
|-

| [[H2O Solubility]]
| Soluble
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| White crystalline powder
|-
| [[Half Life]]
| 4-8 hours
|-
| 3D structure
|
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<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 3.165 -1.073 0.136 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.806 -0.423 -0.135 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 1.557 -0.528 -1.191 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 N 0 1.866 1.002 0.214 0.00 0.00 N+0
ATOM 5 C 0 2.406 1.702 -0.959 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 0.734 -1.112 0.712 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -0.621 -0.556 0.356 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 C 0 -1.366 -1.144 -0.649 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 9 C 0 -2.609 -0.635 -0.976 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 10 C 0 -3.107 0.462 -0.298 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -2.362 1.049 0.707 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 C 0 -1.121 0.537 1.037 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 13 H 0 3.413 -0.968 1.192 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 14 H 0 3.120 -2.130 -0.123 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 H 0 3.929 -0.582 -0.468 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 16 H 0 0.913 1.314 0.325 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 H 0 3.400 1.316 -1.186 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 1.749 1.540 -1.813 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 2.470 2.769 -0.747 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 0.750 -2.184 0.517 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 0.934 -0.931 1.768 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 H 0 -0.978 -2.001 -1.179 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 23 H 0 -3.191 -1.094 -1.762 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 H 0 -4.077 0.860 -0.554 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 25 H 0 -2.750 1.907 1.237 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 H 0 -0.539 0.996 1.823 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 13 14 15 NONE 31
CONECT 2 1 3 4 6 NONE 32
CONECT 4 2 5 16 0 NONE 33
CONECT 5 4 17 18 19 NONE 34
CONECT 6 2 7 20 21 NONE 35
CONECT 7 6 12 8 0 NONE 36
CONECT 8 7 9 22 0 NONE 37
CONECT 9 8 10 23 0 NONE 38
CONECT 10 9 11 24 0 NONE 39
CONECT 11 10 12 25 0 NONE 40
CONECT 12 11 7 26 0 NONE 41
END NONE 42
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=='''History'''==
Methamphetamine was originally discovered in Japan in 1919 following the synthesis of amphetamine in Germany in 1887 . As its crystalline powdery form was readily soluble in water, it was ideal for injection. Widespread use of the substance began during World War II where amphetamines were widely used to keep the fighting men going (during the Vietnam war, American soldiers used more amphetamines than the rest of the world did during WWII!). Even Adolph Hitler is rumoured to have received injections of the substance. In Japan, intravenous methamphetamine abuse reached epidemic proportions immediately after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_ii World War II] when supplies stored for military use became available to the public. The substance became readily available in the United States in the form of manufactured tablets of methamphetamine (Methedrine) in the 1950s.User groups included college students, truck drivers, and athletes, meking the abuse of methamphetamine a common phenomenon.Methamphetamine the derivative of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine amphetamine]was widely prescribed in the 1950s and 1960s as a medication for depression and obesity, reaching a peak of 31 million prescriptions in the United States in 1967

In the 1970s however its use decreased greatly as the 1970 Controlled Substances Act severely restricted the legal production of injectable methamphetamine.

Until the late 1980s, illicit use and manufacture of methamphetamine was mainly restricted to California, but the user population has broadened in nature and in ''regional distribution'', with increased use occurring in midwestern states. An estimated 4.7 million Americans (2.1% of the U.S. population) have tried methamphetamine at some time in their lives.It is still legally produced in the U.S., sold under the trade name Desoxyn.

[[Image:Ice.jpg]]

=='''Production'''==
Cold and asthma medications containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, red phosphorous, hydrochloric acid, drain cleaner, battery acid, lye, lantern fuel, and antifreeze are among the ingredients most commonly used for the synthesis of crystal meth.

Secret production accounts for almost all of the methamphetamine trafficked and abused in the United States. However production of the compound by unqualified persons is extremely dangerous as hazardous products such as phosphine gas can be produced. The illicit manufacture of methamphetamine can be accomplished in a variety of ways, but is produced most commonly using the ephedrine / pseudoephedrine reduction method (see below). Large-scale production of methamphetamine using this method is dependent on ready access to bulk quantities of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.

'''Ephedrine Reduction'''

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHOH)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + HI =====> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHI)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2O</sub>

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHI)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + HI =====> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + I<sub>2</sub>

''A chrystal Meth lab or 'Pop and Mom' lab as is commonly known''
[[Image:Methamphetamine laboratory.jpg]]

=='''Action'''==
Ice induces a profound sense of euphoria in the user by blocking the reuptake, and stimulating the release, of dopamine and noradrenaline in the central nervous system. Unlike base cocaine, smoking meth will extend its effects for up to 24 hrs per ingestion. This form of methamphetamine is known as snot .
Crystal meth increases arousal in the central nervous system by pumping up levels of two neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and dopamine.

'''''Methamphetamine use'':'''

-increases heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and rate of breathing

-produces extra energy and stamina, an increased libido, a sense of invulnerability (exhilaration and euphoria)

-produces a decrease in appetite

=='''Spectra==
[[Image:methir.gif|thumb|left|75|IR Spectrum of Methamphetamine]]

[[Image:methmr.gif|thumb|left|75|Mass Spectrum of Methamphetamine]]

The IR Spectrum of methamphetamine was recorded in the gas phase. As concentration information is not available for this spectrum molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spec Data Center, S.E. Stein, director

=='''Addiction and Effects'''==
Route of administration can influence the rate of addiction and disability caused by using the drug. Smoking and injecting meth result in the largest amounts of drug being delivered most rapidly to the brain and central nervous system.
Meth is also referred to as Poor Man's Cocaine" as it generally costs the same or less than crack cocaine (ranging from $25 to $100 per gram) but because the user's body metabolizes it more slowly, the stimulation lasts much longer.

'''''Chronic, high-dose methamphetamine abusers may exhibit:'''''

-increased nervousness

-paranoia, schizophrenia-like symptoms; hallucinations

-irritability, confusion

-insomnia

-Violent and erratic behaviors (last phase of meth use)
disorganized lifestyle

-lowered resistance to illnesses

-possible brain damage

Withdrawal from high doses of meth invariably produces depression, which varies in severity and duration but may last for months or even years.

''Effects of methamphetamine on teeth and brain scans before and after use''

[[Image:Methmouth image 02.jpg]] [[Image:Meth-brain.gif]] [[Image:Mprein.jpg]]

=='''References'''==
Brain scan images from Dr. Volkow's study. Image copyright Nora Volkow/American Journal of Psychiatry.

1. http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/meth/index.html

2. http://www.mappsd.org/How%20Meth%20Affects.htm

3. http://www.stopmethaddiction.com/pic-meth-users.htm (BRAIN IMAGES)

4. http://www.stopaddiction.com/meth_history.html

5. NIST Chemistry Webbook http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/

It:Methyltestosterone

2006-12-12T14:55:08Z

Aa2405:

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! {{chembox header}} |
Methyltestosterone

Structure and properties
|-
| [3D structure]
| <jmol>
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title2
25 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
-1.9324 0.4386 0.4762 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.5025 0.5559 0.2683 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-2.5870 -0.9018 0.1634 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.4676 0.4541 -0.0646 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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M END</inlineContents>
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|-
| [Structure]
|[[Image:New m structure.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| [IR Spectrum of Methyltestoserone]
| [[Image:New ir.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| Molecular Formula
|C20H30O2
|-
|Molecular Weight
|302.45
|-
|Other Names
|
Methyltestosterone

Mesterone

17β-Hydroxy-17α-methyl-4-androsten-3-one

17α-Methyl-4-androsten-17β-ol-3-one
|-
| CAS Number
|58-18-4
|-
|mp
|162-168 °C
|-
|Form
|Crystal
|-
|Colour
|White
|}
Methyltestosterone is an anabolic steroid.
Its legal use is for men with testosterone deficiencies, but because of the compounds “bulking” effect it has also been used as an illegal way to gain larger muscles. It can also be used as an aid for women with menopause problems and for treating breast cancer.

It is the wold's first oral steroid developed using the 17-alpha-methyl alteration to render the base hormone, testosterone, orally active. Effects of taking the steroid include risk of hair loss, acne, prostate hypertrophy,gynocomastia, serious bloat and water retention, as the base structure has twice the tendency to aromatize. Some men may even develop aggressive tendencies during its use. A methyl-testosterone product used for extensive time periods can cause severe hepatoxicity.
As methyltestosterone is a synthetic androgen with affinity for the androgen receptor is used widely as a component of hormone replacement therapy as it can affect local estrogen formation by regulating aromatase expression or by inhibiting aromatase action.

[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/spectra/fnmr/FNMR008958.PDF NMR of Methyltestosterone]

[[Image:methyltestosterone.jpg]]

== References ==

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/69240

http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/pim908.htm#SectionTitle:1.1%20%20Substance

www.chemexper.com

It:Methyltestosterone

2006-12-12T14:50:43Z

Aa2405: description

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! {{chembox header}} |
Methyltestosterone

Structure and properties
|-
| [3D structure]
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25 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
-1.9324 0.4386 0.4762 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2.5025 0.5559 0.2683 C 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-2.5870 -0.9018 0.1634 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.4676 0.4541 -0.0646 C 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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|-
| [Structure]
|[[Image:New m structure.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| [IR Spectrum of Methyltestoserone]
| [[Image:New ir.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| Molecular Formula
|C20H30O2
|-
|Molecular Weight
|302.45
|-
|Other Names
|
Methyltestosterone

Mesterone

17β-Hydroxy-17α-methyl-4-androsten-3-one

17α-Methyl-4-androsten-17β-ol-3-one
|-
| CAS Number
|58-18-4
|-
|mp
|162-168 °C
|-
|Form
|Crystal
|-
|Colour
|White
|}
Methyltestosterone is an anabolic steroid.
Its legal use is for men with testosterone deficiencies, but because of the compounds “bulking” effect it has also been used as an illegal way to gain larger muscles. It can also be used as an aid for women with menopause problems and for treating breast cancer.

It is the wold's first oral steroid developed using the 17-alpha-methyl alteration to render the base hormone, testosterone, orally active. Effects of taking the steroid include risk of hair loss, acne, prostate hypertrophy,gynocomastia, serious bloat and water retention, as the base structure has twice the tendency to aromatize. Some men may even develop aggressive tendencies during its use. A methyl-testosterone product used for extensive time periods can cause severe hepatoxicity.

[http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/spectra/fnmr/FNMR008958.PDF NMR of Methyltestosterone]

[[Image:methyltestosterone.jpg]]

== References ==

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search/ProductDetail/FLUKA/69240

http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/pharm/pim908.htm#SectionTitle:1.1%20%20Substance

www.chemexper.com

It:Ethenzamide

2006-12-12T14:40:47Z

Aa2405:

==Ethenzamide==

Ethenzamide has become widely used in cold and flu medications due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is based on a salicylic acid derivative and it is only a pro-drug. In the human body it is very rapidly and completely metabolized to 2-ethoxybenzoic acid. Its analgesic action is based on the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins and the release of bradykinine.

== Structure and properties == 

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! {{chembox header}} | Structure and properties
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12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
4.4194 -3.0500 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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10 11 1 0 0 0 0
5 6 2 0 0 0 0
11 12 1 0 0 0 0

M END</inlineContents>
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</jmol>


|-
| [2D structure]
|[[Image:Third structure.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| [IR spectrum]
| [[Image:IR THREE.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| [UV spectrum]
| [[Image:Uv third and final.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| [Retention time]
| 5.18 
|-
| [Melting point]
| 129-134 
|-

| [SMILES]
| CCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(N)=O 
|-
| [FW]
| 165.19184 
|-
|}

== References == 

Uv link http://chrom.tutms.tut.ac.jp/JINNO/DRUGDATA/14ethenzamide.html

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5419915.html

www.chemexper.com

It:Ethenzamide

2006-12-12T14:36:21Z

Aa2405: /* Ethenzamide description */

==Ethenzamide==

Ethenzamide has become widely used in cold and flu medications due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is based on a salicylic acid derivative and it is only a pro-drug. In the human body it is very rapidly and completely metabolized to 2-ethoxybenzoic acid.

== Structure and properties == 

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! {{chembox header}} | Structure and properties
|-
| [3D structure],
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<jmolApplet>
<size>200</size>
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title1
title2
12 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
4.4194 -3.0500 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4.4182 -3.8773 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.1331 -4.2902 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.8495 -3.8769 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.8466 -3.0463 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.1313 -2.6372 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.1292 -1.8083 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.8417 -1.3958 0.0000 N 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4.4139 -1.3972 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6.5667 -2.6250 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7.2875 -3.0375 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8.0000 -2.6250 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 1 1 0 0 0 0
1 2 2 0 0 0 0
6 7 1 0 0 0 0
3 4 2 0 0 0 0
7 8 1 0 0 0 0
7 9 2 0 0 0 0
4 5 1 0 0 0 0
5 10 1 0 0 0 0
2 3 1 0 0 0 0
10 11 1 0 0 0 0
5 6 2 0 0 0 0
11 12 1 0 0 0 0

M END</inlineContents>
</jmolApplet>
</jmol>


|-
| [2D structure]
|[[Image:Third structure.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| [IR spectrum]
| [[Image:IR THREE.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| [UV spectrum]
| [[Image:Uv third and final.JPG|thumb|Description]] 
|-
| [Retention time]
| 5.18 
|-
| [Melting point]
| 129-134 
|-

| [SMILES]
| CCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(N)=O 
|-
| [FW]
| 165.19184 
|-
|}

== References == 

Uv link http://chrom.tutms.tut.ac.jp/JINNO/DRUGDATA/14ethenzamide.html

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5419915.html

www.chemexper.com

It:Crystal Meth

2006-12-12T14:27:47Z

Aa2405: /* '''IR Spectrum''' */

= '''Methamphetamine''' =
Methamphetamine (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N) or chrystal meth as is most commmonly known, is an intensive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant psychostimulant] and belongs in the family of drugs known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamines amphetamines].There are two forms of methamphetamine, the D-form and the L-form. The D-form is the drug known as "speed" whereas the L form of the drug is a decongestant used in the U.S Vicks inhaler. Its pharmaceutical form Desoxyn is used to treat [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy narcolepsy], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_Deficit_Disorder ADD/ADHD ] and exogenous obesity.
The drug works directly on the brain and spinal cord by interfering with normal neurotransmission with the main [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter neurotransmitter] to be affected being [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine dopamine] .

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| Methamphetamine'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:chrysmeth.gif]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-

| [[IUPAC name]]
| ''(S)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine''
|-
| [[Other names]]
| Desoxyn; Methedrine;speed; meth; chalk; Christina or Tina; ice; crank; L.A; snot
|-
| [[CAS number]]
| 537-46-2
|-
| [[Pub Chem]]
| 1206
|-

| [[Chemical formula]]
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|149.2 g/mol
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |Properties
|-

| Melting point
|170-175°C[http://www.chemblink.com/products/162011-90-7.htm (m)]
|-
| Density
|0.907 ± 0.06 g/cm3 ]
|-

| [[H2O Solubility]]
| Soluble
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| White crystalline powder
|-
| [[Half Life]]
| 4-8 hours
|-
| 3D structure
|
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 3.165 -1.073 0.136 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.806 -0.423 -0.135 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 1.557 -0.528 -1.191 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 N 0 1.866 1.002 0.214 0.00 0.00 N+0
ATOM 5 C 0 2.406 1.702 -0.959 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 0.734 -1.112 0.712 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -0.621 -0.556 0.356 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 C 0 -1.366 -1.144 -0.649 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 9 C 0 -2.609 -0.635 -0.976 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 10 C 0 -3.107 0.462 -0.298 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -2.362 1.049 0.707 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 C 0 -1.121 0.537 1.037 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 13 H 0 3.413 -0.968 1.192 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 14 H 0 3.120 -2.130 -0.123 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 H 0 3.929 -0.582 -0.468 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 16 H 0 0.913 1.314 0.325 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 H 0 3.400 1.316 -1.186 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 1.749 1.540 -1.813 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 2.470 2.769 -0.747 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 0.750 -2.184 0.517 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 0.934 -0.931 1.768 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 H 0 -0.978 -2.001 -1.179 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 23 H 0 -3.191 -1.094 -1.762 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 H 0 -4.077 0.860 -0.554 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 25 H 0 -2.750 1.907 1.237 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 H 0 -0.539 0.996 1.823 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 13 14 15 NONE 31
CONECT 2 1 3 4 6 NONE 32
CONECT 4 2 5 16 0 NONE 33
CONECT 5 4 17 18 19 NONE 34
CONECT 6 2 7 20 21 NONE 35
CONECT 7 6 12 8 0 NONE 36
CONECT 8 7 9 22 0 NONE 37
CONECT 9 8 10 23 0 NONE 38
CONECT 10 9 11 24 0 NONE 39
CONECT 11 10 12 25 0 NONE 40
CONECT 12 11 7 26 0 NONE 41
END NONE 42
</inlineContents>
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|-
|}

=='''History'''==
Methamphetamine was originally discovered in Japan in 1919 following the synthesis of amphetamine in Germany in 1887 . As its crystalline powdery form was readily soluble in water, it was ideal for injection. Widespread use of the substance began during World War II where amphetamines were widely used to keep the fighting men going (during the Vietnam war, American soldiers used more amphetamines than the rest of the world did during WWII!). Even Adolph Hitler is rumoured to have received injections of the substance. In Japan, intravenous methamphetamine abuse reached epidemic proportions immediately after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_ii World War II] when supplies stored for military use became available to the public. The substance became readily available in the United States in the form of manufactured tablets of methamphetamine (Methedrine) in the 1950s.User groups included college students, truck drivers, and athletes, meking the abuse of methamphetamine a common phenomenon.Methamphetamine the derivative of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine amphetamine]was widely prescribed in the 1950s and 1960s as a medication for depression and obesity, reaching a peak of 31 million prescriptions in the United States in 1967

In the 1970s however its use decreased greatly as the 1970 Controlled Substances Act severely restricted the legal production of injectable methamphetamine.

Until the late 1980s, illicit use and manufacture of methamphetamine was mainly restricted to California, but the user population has broadened in nature and in ''regional distribution'', with increased use occurring in midwestern states. An estimated 4.7 million Americans (2.1% of the U.S. population) have tried methamphetamine at some time in their lives.It is still legally produced in the U.S., sold under the trade name Desoxyn.

[[Image:Ice.jpg]]

=='''Production'''==
Cold and asthma medications containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, red phosphorous, hydrochloric acid, drain cleaner, battery acid, lye, lantern fuel, and antifreeze are among the ingredients most commonly used for the synthesis of crystal meth.

Secret production accounts for almost all of the methamphetamine trafficked and abused in the United States. However production of the compound by unqualified persons is extremely dangerous as hazardous products such as phosphine gas can be produced. The illicit manufacture of methamphetamine can be accomplished in a variety of ways, but is produced most commonly using the ephedrine / pseudoephedrine reduction method (see below). Large-scale production of methamphetamine using this method is dependent on ready access to bulk quantities of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.

'''Ephedrine Reduction'''

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHOH)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + HI =====> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHI)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2O</sub>

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHI)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + HI =====> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + I<sub>2</sub>

''A chrystal Meth lab or 'Pop and Mom' lab as is commonly known''
[[Image:Methamphetamine laboratory.jpg]]

=='''Action'''==
Ice induces a profound sense of euphoria in the user by blocking the reuptake, and stimulating the release, of dopamine and noradrenaline in the central nervous system. Unlike base cocaine, smoking meth will extend its effects for up to 24 hrs per ingestion. This form of methamphetamine is known as snot .
Crystal meth increases arousal in the central nervous system by pumping up levels of two neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and dopamine.

'''''Methamphetamine use'':'''

-increases heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and rate of breathing

-produces extra energy and stamina, an increased libido, a sense of invulnerability (exhilaration and euphoria)

-produces a decrease in appetite

=='''IR Spectrum'''==
[[Image:methir.gif|thumb|left|75|IR Spectrum of Methamphetamine]]

[[Image:methmr.gif|thumb|left|75|Mass Spectrum of Methamphetamine]]

The IR Spectrum of methamphetamine was recorded in the gas phase. As concentration information is not available for this spectrum molar absorptivity values cannot be derived.

Data compiled by: NIST Mass Spec Data Center, S.E. Stein, director

=='''Addiction and Effects'''==
Route of administration can influence the rate of addiction and disability caused by using the drug. Smoking and injecting meth result in the largest amounts of drug being delivered most rapidly to the brain and central nervous system.
Meth is also referred to as Poor Man's Cocaine" as it generally costs the same or less than crack cocaine (ranging from $25 to $100 per gram) but because the user's body metabolizes it more slowly, the stimulation lasts much longer.

'''''Chronic, high-dose methamphetamine abusers may exhibit:'''''

-increased nervousness

-paranoia, schizophrenia-like symptoms; hallucinations

-irritability, confusion

-insomnia

-Violent and erratic behaviors (last phase of meth use)
disorganized lifestyle

-lowered resistance to illnesses

-possible brain damage

Withdrawal from high doses of meth invariably produces depression, which varies in severity and duration but may last for months or even years.

''Effects of methamphetamine on teeth and brain scans before and after use''

[[Image:Methmouth image 02.jpg]] [[Image:Meth-brain.gif]] [[Image:Mprein.jpg]]

=='''References'''==
Brain scan images from Dr. Volkow's study. Image copyright Nora Volkow/American Journal of Psychiatry.

1. http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/meth/index.html

2. http://www.mappsd.org/How%20Meth%20Affects.htm

3. http://www.stopmethaddiction.com/pic-meth-users.htm (BRAIN IMAGES)

4. http://www.stopaddiction.com/meth_history.html

5. NIST Chemistry Webbook http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/

It:Crystal Meth

2006-12-12T14:23:08Z

Aa2405: /* mass Spectrum''' */

= '''Methamphetamine''' =
Methamphetamine (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N) or chrystal meth as is most commmonly known, is an intensive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant psychostimulant] and belongs in the family of drugs known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamines amphetamines].There are two forms of methamphetamine, the D-form and the L-form. The D-form is the drug known as "speed" whereas the L form of the drug is a decongestant used in the U.S Vicks inhaler. Its pharmaceutical form Desoxyn is used to treat [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy narcolepsy], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_Deficit_Disorder ADD/ADHD ] and exogenous obesity.
The drug works directly on the brain and spinal cord by interfering with normal neurotransmission with the main [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter neurotransmitter] to be affected being [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine dopamine] .

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| Methamphetamine'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:chrysmeth.gif]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-

| [[IUPAC name]]
| ''(S)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine''
|-
| [[Other names]]
| Desoxyn; Methedrine;speed; meth; chalk; Christina or Tina; ice; crank; L.A; snot
|-
| [[CAS number]]
| 537-46-2
|-
| [[Pub Chem]]
| 1206
|-

| [[Chemical formula]]
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|149.2 g/mol
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |Properties
|-

| Melting point
|170-175°C[http://www.chemblink.com/products/162011-90-7.htm (m)]
|-
| Density
|0.907 ± 0.06 g/cm3 ]
|-

| [[H2O Solubility]]
| Soluble
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| White crystalline powder
|-
| [[Half Life]]
| 4-8 hours
|-
| 3D structure
|
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 3.165 -1.073 0.136 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.806 -0.423 -0.135 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 1.557 -0.528 -1.191 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 N 0 1.866 1.002 0.214 0.00 0.00 N+0
ATOM 5 C 0 2.406 1.702 -0.959 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 0.734 -1.112 0.712 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -0.621 -0.556 0.356 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 C 0 -1.366 -1.144 -0.649 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 9 C 0 -2.609 -0.635 -0.976 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 10 C 0 -3.107 0.462 -0.298 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -2.362 1.049 0.707 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 C 0 -1.121 0.537 1.037 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 13 H 0 3.413 -0.968 1.192 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 14 H 0 3.120 -2.130 -0.123 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 H 0 3.929 -0.582 -0.468 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 16 H 0 0.913 1.314 0.325 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 H 0 3.400 1.316 -1.186 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 1.749 1.540 -1.813 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 2.470 2.769 -0.747 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 0.750 -2.184 0.517 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 0.934 -0.931 1.768 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 H 0 -0.978 -2.001 -1.179 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 23 H 0 -3.191 -1.094 -1.762 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 H 0 -4.077 0.860 -0.554 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 25 H 0 -2.750 1.907 1.237 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 H 0 -0.539 0.996 1.823 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 13 14 15 NONE 31
CONECT 2 1 3 4 6 NONE 32
CONECT 4 2 5 16 0 NONE 33
CONECT 5 4 17 18 19 NONE 34
CONECT 6 2 7 20 21 NONE 35
CONECT 7 6 12 8 0 NONE 36
CONECT 8 7 9 22 0 NONE 37
CONECT 9 8 10 23 0 NONE 38
CONECT 10 9 11 24 0 NONE 39
CONECT 11 10 12 25 0 NONE 40
CONECT 12 11 7 26 0 NONE 41
END NONE 42
</inlineContents>
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=='''History'''==
Methamphetamine was originally discovered in Japan in 1919 following the synthesis of amphetamine in Germany in 1887 . As its crystalline powdery form was readily soluble in water, it was ideal for injection. Widespread use of the substance began during World War II where amphetamines were widely used to keep the fighting men going (during the Vietnam war, American soldiers used more amphetamines than the rest of the world did during WWII!). Even Adolph Hitler is rumoured to have received injections of the substance. In Japan, intravenous methamphetamine abuse reached epidemic proportions immediately after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_ii World War II] when supplies stored for military use became available to the public. The substance became readily available in the United States in the form of manufactured tablets of methamphetamine (Methedrine) in the 1950s.User groups included college students, truck drivers, and athletes, meking the abuse of methamphetamine a common phenomenon.Methamphetamine the derivative of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine amphetamine]was widely prescribed in the 1950s and 1960s as a medication for depression and obesity, reaching a peak of 31 million prescriptions in the United States in 1967

In the 1970s however its use decreased greatly as the 1970 Controlled Substances Act severely restricted the legal production of injectable methamphetamine.

Until the late 1980s, illicit use and manufacture of methamphetamine was mainly restricted to California, but the user population has broadened in nature and in ''regional distribution'', with increased use occurring in midwestern states. An estimated 4.7 million Americans (2.1% of the U.S. population) have tried methamphetamine at some time in their lives.It is still legally produced in the U.S., sold under the trade name Desoxyn.

[[Image:Ice.jpg]]

=='''Production'''==
Cold and asthma medications containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, red phosphorous, hydrochloric acid, drain cleaner, battery acid, lye, lantern fuel, and antifreeze are among the ingredients most commonly used for the synthesis of crystal meth.

Secret production accounts for almost all of the methamphetamine trafficked and abused in the United States. However production of the compound by unqualified persons is extremely dangerous as hazardous products such as phosphine gas can be produced. The illicit manufacture of methamphetamine can be accomplished in a variety of ways, but is produced most commonly using the ephedrine / pseudoephedrine reduction method (see below). Large-scale production of methamphetamine using this method is dependent on ready access to bulk quantities of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.

'''Ephedrine Reduction'''

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHOH)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + HI =====> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHI)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2O</sub>

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHI)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + HI =====> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + I<sub>2</sub>

''A chrystal Meth lab or 'Pop and Mom' lab as is commonly known''
[[Image:Methamphetamine laboratory.jpg]]

=='''Action'''==
Ice induces a profound sense of euphoria in the user by blocking the reuptake, and stimulating the release, of dopamine and noradrenaline in the central nervous system. Unlike base cocaine, smoking meth will extend its effects for up to 24 hrs per ingestion. This form of methamphetamine is known as snot .
Crystal meth increases arousal in the central nervous system by pumping up levels of two neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and dopamine.

'''''Methamphetamine use'':'''

-increases heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and rate of breathing

-produces extra energy and stamina, an increased libido, a sense of invulnerability (exhilaration and euphoria)

-produces a decrease in appetite

=='''IR Spectrum'''==
[[Image:methir.gif|thumb|left|75|IR Spectrum of Methamphetamine]]

[[Image:methmr.gif|thumb|left|75|Mass Spectrum of Methamphetamine]]

=='''Addiction and Effects'''==
Route of administration can influence the rate of addiction and disability caused by using the drug. Smoking and injecting meth result in the largest amounts of drug being delivered most rapidly to the brain and central nervous system.
Meth is also referred to as Poor Man's Cocaine" as it generally costs the same or less than crack cocaine (ranging from $25 to $100 per gram) but because the user's body metabolizes it more slowly, the stimulation lasts much longer.

'''''Chronic, high-dose methamphetamine abusers may exhibit:'''''

-increased nervousness

-paranoia, schizophrenia-like symptoms; hallucinations

-irritability, confusion

-insomnia

-Violent and erratic behaviors (last phase of meth use)
disorganized lifestyle

-lowered resistance to illnesses

-possible brain damage

Withdrawal from high doses of meth invariably produces depression, which varies in severity and duration but may last for months or even years.

''Effects of methamphetamine on teeth and brain scans before and after use''

[[Image:Methmouth image 02.jpg]] [[Image:Meth-brain.gif]] [[Image:Mprein.jpg]]

=='''References'''==
Brain scan images from Dr. Volkow's study. Image copyright Nora Volkow/American Journal of Psychiatry.

1. http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/meth/index.html

2. http://www.mappsd.org/How%20Meth%20Affects.htm

3. http://www.stopmethaddiction.com/pic-meth-users.htm (BRAIN IMAGES)

4. http://www.stopaddiction.com/meth_history.html

5. NIST Chemistry Webbook http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/

2006-12-08T14:33:53Z

Aa2405:

= '''Methamphetamine''' =
Methamphetamine (C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N) or chrystal meth as is most commmonly known, is an intensive [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant psychostimulant] and belongs in the family of drugs known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamines amphetamines].There are two forms of methamphetamine, the D-form and the L-form. The D-form is the drug known as "speed" whereas the L form of the drug is a decongestant used in the U.S Vicks inhaler. Its pharmaceutical form Desoxyn is used to treat [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy narcolepsy], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_Deficit_Disorder ADD/ADHD ] and exogenous obesity.
The drug works directly on the brain and spinal cord by interfering with normal neurotransmission with the main [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter neurotransmitter] to be affected being [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine dopamine] .

{| class="toccolours" border="1" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse;"
! {{chembox header}}| Methamphetamine'''

|-
| align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Image:chrysmeth.gif]]
|-
! {{chembox header}} | General
|-

| [[IUPAC name]]
| ''(S)-N-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-2-amine''
|-
| [[Other names]]
| Desoxyn; Methedrine;speed; meth; chalk; Christina or Tina; ice; crank; L.A; snot
|-
| [[CAS number]]
| 537-46-2
|-
| [[Pub Chem]]
| 1206
|-

| [[Chemical formula]]
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N
|-
| [[Molecular mass]]
| {{{mol_mass|149.2 g/mol
|-
! {{chembox header}} colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff" |Properties
|-

| Melting point
|170-175°C[http://www.chemblink.com/products/162011-90-7.htm (m)]
|-
| Density
|0.907 ± 0.06 g/cm3 ]
|-

| [[H2O Solubility]]
| Soluble
|-
| [[Apperance]]
| White crystalline powder
|-
| [[Half Life]]
| 4-8 hours
|-
| 3D structure
|
<jmol>
<jmolApplet>
<size>300</size>
<color>silver</color>
<script>zoom 200; cpk off;frame 1; move 100 -100 100 0 0 0 0 0 2; delay 1;</script>
<inlineContents>HEADER CSD ENTRY XICKAV
ATOM 1 C 0 3.165 -1.073 0.136 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 2 C 0 1.806 -0.423 -0.135 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 3 H 0 1.557 -0.528 -1.191 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 4 N 0 1.866 1.002 0.214 0.00 0.00 N+0
ATOM 5 C 0 2.406 1.702 -0.959 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 6 C 0 0.734 -1.112 0.712 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 7 C 0 -0.621 -0.556 0.356 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 8 C 0 -1.366 -1.144 -0.649 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 9 C 0 -2.609 -0.635 -0.976 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 10 C 0 -3.107 0.462 -0.298 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 11 C 0 -2.362 1.049 0.707 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 12 C 0 -1.121 0.537 1.037 0.00 0.00 C+0
ATOM 13 H 0 3.413 -0.968 1.192 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 14 H 0 3.120 -2.130 -0.123 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 15 H 0 3.929 -0.582 -0.468 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 16 H 0 0.913 1.314 0.325 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 17 H 0 3.400 1.316 -1.186 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 18 H 0 1.749 1.540 -1.813 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 19 H 0 2.470 2.769 -0.747 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 20 H 0 0.750 -2.184 0.517 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 21 H 0 0.934 -0.931 1.768 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 22 H 0 -0.978 -2.001 -1.179 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 23 H 0 -3.191 -1.094 -1.762 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 24 H 0 -4.077 0.860 -0.554 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 25 H 0 -2.750 1.907 1.237 0.00 0.00 H+0
ATOM 26 H 0 -0.539 0.996 1.823 0.00 0.00 H+0
CONECT 1 2 13 14 15 NONE 31
CONECT 2 1 3 4 6 NONE 32
CONECT 4 2 5 16 0 NONE 33
CONECT 5 4 17 18 19 NONE 34
CONECT 6 2 7 20 21 NONE 35
CONECT 7 6 12 8 0 NONE 36
CONECT 8 7 9 22 0 NONE 37
CONECT 9 8 10 23 0 NONE 38
CONECT 10 9 11 24 0 NONE 39
CONECT 11 10 12 25 0 NONE 40
CONECT 12 11 7 26 0 NONE 41
END NONE 42
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=='''History'''==
Methamphetamine was originally discovered in Japan in 1919 following the synthesis of amphetamine in Germany in 1887 . As its crystalline powdery form was readily soluble in water, it was ideal for injection. Widespread use of the substance began during World War II where amphetamines were widely used to keep the fighting men going (during the Vietnam war, American soldiers used more amphetamines than the rest of the world did during WWII!). Even Adolph Hitler is rumoured to have received injections of the substance. In Japan, intravenous methamphetamine abuse reached epidemic proportions immediately after [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_war_ii World War II] when supplies stored for military use became available to the public. The substance became readily available in the United States in the form of manufactured tablets of methamphetamine (Methedrine) in the 1950s.User groups included college students, truck drivers, and athletes, meking the abuse of methamphetamine a common phenomenon.Methamphetamine the derivative of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine amphetamine]was widely prescribed in the 1950s and 1960s as a medication for depression and obesity, reaching a peak of 31 million prescriptions in the United States in 1967

In the 1970s however its use decreased greatly as the 1970 Controlled Substances Act severely restricted the legal production of injectable methamphetamine.

Until the late 1980s, illicit use and manufacture of methamphetamine was mainly restricted to California, but the user population has broadened in nature and in ''regional distribution'', with increased use occurring in midwestern states. An estimated 4.7 million Americans (2.1% of the U.S. population) have tried methamphetamine at some time in their lives.It is still legally produced in the U.S., sold under the trade name Desoxyn.

[[Image:Ice.jpg]]

=='''Production'''==
Cold and asthma medications containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, red phosphorous, hydrochloric acid, drain cleaner, battery acid, lye, lantern fuel, and antifreeze are among the ingredients most commonly used for the synthesis of crystal meth.

Secret production accounts for almost all of the methamphetamine trafficked and abused in the United States. The illicit manufacture of methamphetamine can be accomplished in a variety of ways, but is produced most commonly using the ephedrine / pseudoephedrine reduction method (see below). Large-scale production of methamphetamine using this method is dependent on ready access to bulk quantities of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine.

'''Ephedrine Reduction'''

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHOH)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + HI =====> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHI)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2O</sub>

C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-(CHI)-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + HI =====> C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>-CH<sub>2</sub>-CH(NHCH<sub>3</sub>)-CH<sub>3</sub> + I<sub>2</sub>

''A chrystal Meth lab or 'Pop and Mom' lab as is commonly known''
[[Image:Methamphetamine laboratory.jpg]]

=='''Action'''==
Ice induces a profound sense of euphoria in the user by blocking the reuptake, and stimulating the release, of dopamine and noradrenaline in the central nervous system. Unlike base cocaine, smoking meth will extend its effects for up to 24 hrs per ingestion. This form of methamphetamine is known as snot .
Crystal meth increases arousal in the central nervous system by pumping up levels of two neurotransmitters, norepinephrine and dopamine.

'''''Methamphetamine use'':'''

-increases heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and rate of breathing

-produces extra energy and stamina, an increased libido, a sense of invulnerability (exhilaration and euphoria)

-produces a decrease in appetite

=='''IR Spectra'''==
[[Image:methir.gif]]

=='''Addiction and Effects'''==
Route of administration can influence the rate of addiction and disability caused by using the drug. Smoking and injecting meth result in the largest amounts of drug being delivered most rapidly to the brain and central nervous system.
Meth is also referred to as Poor Man's Cocaine" as it generally costs the same or less than crack cocaine (ranging from $25 to $100 per gram) but because the user's body metabolizes it more slowly, the stimulation lasts much longer.

'''''Chronic, high-dose methamphetamine abusers may exhibit:'''''

-increased nervousness

-paranoia, schizophrenia-like symptoms; hallucinations

-irritability, confusion

-insomnia

-Violent and erratic behaviors (last phase of meth use)
disorganized lifestyle

-lowered resistance to illnesses

-possible brain damage

Withdrawal from high doses of meth invariably produces depression, which varies in severity and duration but may last for months or even years.

''Effects of methamphetamine on teeth and brain scans before and after use''

[[Image:Methmouth image 02.jpg]] [[Image:Meth-brain.gif]] [[Image:Mprein.jpg]]

=='''References'''==
Brain scan images from Dr. Volkow's study. Image copyright Nora Volkow/American Journal of Psychiatry.

1.http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/meth/index.html

2.http://www.mappsd.org/How%20Meth%20Affects.htm

3. http://www.stopmethaddiction.com/pic-meth-users.htm (BRAIN IMAGES)

4.http://www.stopaddiction.com/meth_history.html

5.NIST Chemistry Webbook

It:Crystal Meth

2006-12-07T22:45:05Z

Aa2405: lycopene

lycopene